Table 1.
Population characteristics according to the left ventricular geometry.a
| Variable | Left ventricular hypertrophy | Concentric remodeling | Normal geometry | P valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eccentric hypertrophy | Concentric hypertrophy | ||||
| No. of participants | 99 | 54 | 124 | 796 | … |
| Age, year | 39.0 (4.1) | 39.2 (3.9) | 38.3 (4.7) | 37.9 (4.5) | 0.03 |
| Female, % | 52.5 | 79.6c | 40.3c | 55.7 | <0.001 |
| Blacks, % | 48.5c | 53.7c | 26.6 | 27.9 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 128.0 (17.8)c | 131.8 (20.0)c | 115.6 (12.8) | 114.5 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 85.4 (1.6)c | 87.3 (13.0)c | 78.1 (8.8) | 77.2 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 122.8 (39.0) | 130.5 (33.3) | 122.9 (33.9) | 124.2 (33.8) | 0.54 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 45.6 (12.5)c | 47.9 (12.6) | 46.4 (12.4) | 50.2 (14.0) | 0.01 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 135.41 (93.3) | 143.4 (87.4) | 139.7 (111.0) | 129.7 (102.4) | 0.60 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 96.9 (3.1)c | 107.3 (48.0)c | 88.9 (22.3) | 88.4 (24.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 48.5c | 59.3c | 27.4 | 21.4 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, % | 29.3 | 37.0 | 29.0 | 30.3 | 0.73 |
| Regular alcohol drinking, % | 39.1 | 27.0 | 43.4 | 38.6 | 0.38 |
| Physically inactive, %d | 72.4 | 77.5 | 69.4 | 67.7 | 0.45 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.58 (1.58)c | 5.21 (1.54) | 5.50 (1.57)c | 5.06 (1.53) | <0.001 |
| Measures of adiposity | |||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 36.9 (7.5)c | 36.6 (8.4)c | 29.0 (5.9) | 27.9 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 107.9 (17.5)c | 104.0 (16.7)c | 93.5 (13.0) | 90.1 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.89 (0.10)c | 0.87 (0.09) | 0.87 (0.08) | 0.85 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| Waist/height ratio | 0.64 (0.09)c | 0.63 (0.09)c | 0.54 (0.07) | 0.53 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal height, cm | 26.4 (4.7)c | 25.9 (4.6)c | 22.8 (4.1) | 21.6 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Body fat, % | 40.4 (12.0)c | 38.9 (13.0)c | 33.6 (13.9) | 30.2 (12.3) | <0.001 |
| Visceral Adiposity Index | 2.13 (1.76) | 2.10 (1.97) | 2.28 (1.87) | 1.91 (1.71) | 0.12 |
| Obesity status, % | <0.001 | ||||
| Normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) | 5.1 | 7.4 | 28.3 | 34.4 | |
| Overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) | 14.1 | 9.3 | 33.3 | 34.7 | |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 80.8 | 83.3 | 38.4 | 30.9 | |
BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.
a
All data are mean (SD) or percentage of participants; ellipses indicate not applicable.
b
From one-way ANOVA test for continuous variables and from chi-squared test for categorical variables.
c
P < 0.05 (using false discovery rate method), compared to normal geometry.
d
Self-reported leisure-time physical activity, scaled 1–2 (inactive) or 3–5 (active).