Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects at beginning of each wave
| Wave 1 (n = 120) | Wave 2 (n = 92) | |
|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 58 | 57 |
| Race (%) | ||
| Caucasian | 53 | 52 |
| African American | 42 | 43 |
| Other | 5 | 5 |
| Years age | 46 (9) | 46 (9) |
| Years education | 12 (2) | 12 (2) |
| Income (all sources, last 30 days) | $1298 ($815) | $1297 ($1361) |
| Marital status (%) | ||
| Married | 5 | 5 |
| Widowed | 4 | 5 |
| Separated | 5 | 1 |
| Divorced | 28 | 27 |
| Never married | 54 | 57 |
| Cohabitating | 3 | 4 |
| Employment status (%) | ||
| Full-time | 7 | 7 |
| Part-time | 6 | 7 |
| Unemployed | 49 | 54 |
| Not in labor force | 38 | 32 |
| Lifetime serious depression (%) | 63 | 68 |
| Lifetime anxiety (%) | 65 | 65 |
| Lifetime suicidal thoughts (%) | 29 | 29 |
| Lifetime suicide attempt (%) | 21 | 21 |
| Lifetime dependence diagnosis (%) | ||
| Opioids | 98 | 97 |
| Cocaine | 65 | 64 |
| Marijuana | 21 | 20 |
| Alcohol | 38 | 38 |
| Lifetime substance abuse treatment (%) | 86 | 90 |
| Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) score | 20 (3) | 19 (4) |
| Delay discounting rate (k) | .08 (.09) | .07 (.08) |
| Urine sample positive at beginning of wave (%) | ||
| Opioids | 67 | 52 |
| Cocaine | 43 | 42 |
| Marijuana | 32 | 30 |
| Urine sample positive at end of wave (%) | (n = 112) | (n = 88) |
| Opioids | 66 | 48 |
| Cocaine | 38 | 44 |
| Marijuana | 34 | 33 |
Numbers in parentheses are standard deviations for non-binary characteristics.