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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Health Econ. 2015 Feb 19;41:133–147. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.02.002

Appendix Table 2.

Staffing Results – Rural nursing homes

Standard DID Two-step DID Two-step FGLS Two-step FGLS
(1) (2) (3) (4)
A. Dependent variable: Log CNA hours
Wage pass-through 0.00698 (0.00532) 0.00675 (0.00668) 0.0110 (0.00668) 0.0110 (0.00704)
State minimum nursing hours 0.0267*** (0.00952) 0.0306** (0.0123) 0.0221** (0.00893) 0.0221* (0.0113)
Medicaid payment rate 0.00199 (0.00266) −0.00128 (0.00347) −0.00284 (0.00309) −0.00284 (0.00333)
Case-mix reimbursement −0.000789 (0.00605) 0.000638 (0.00893) −0.00393 (0.00790) −0.00393 (0.00932)
AR(1) coefficient 0.72 0.72
No. of observations 29,085 276 276 276
B. Dependent variable: Log total nurse hours
Wage pass-through 0.0101* (0.00572) 0.00575 (0.00771) 0.0110* (0.00611) 0.00110 (0.00652)
State minimum nursing hours 0.0267*** (0.00867) 0.0302** (0.0121) 0.0215** (0.00820) 0.0215** (0.0105)
Medicaid payment rate 0.00176 (0.00238) 0.000576 (0.00338) 0.000419 (0.00244) 0.000420 (0.00264)
Case-mix reimbursement −0.000870 (0.00534) 0.000542 (0.00918) −0.00449 (0.00656) −0.00450 (0.00768)
AR(1) coefficient 0.61 0.61
No. of observations 28,995 276 276 276

Notes: All specifications include facility and year fixed effects. All facility and market variables listed in Table 2 are included in the standard DD procedure and the first-step of the two-step procedures. Columns (1) to (3) use standard errors clustered by state and column (4) uses standard errors jack-knifed at the state level. Medicaid repayment rate is in $10 increments.

*, **, and ***

indicate significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1 % level, respectively.