Table 2.

Summary Statistics

		Mean	SD	Min	Max	Obs
State policies	Wage pass-through:	0.25	0.44	0	1	53112
	State minimum nursing hours	1.95	1.07	0.30	3.67	53112
	Medicaid payment rate (2004)	14.27	2.92	8.29	21.55	53112
	Case-mix reimbursement	0.63	0.48	0	1	53112
Staffing	CNA hours per resident day	2.18	0.89	0	23.63	53101
	Total nurse hours per resident day	3.24	1.32	0.04	23.77	53065
Patient outcome	Pressure ulcer worsening rate	0.14	0.34	0	1.0	213663
	ADL decline rate	0.13	0.34	0	1.0	200381
	Persistent pain rate	0.13	0.34	0	1.0	211787
	Percent on antipsychotics	24.13	14.61	0	100	53112
	Percent on restraints	9.91	11.22	0	100	53112
	Percent with bowel incontinence	46.44	17.48	0	100	53112
	Percent with catheters	6.27	5.24	0	100	53112
	Percent with contractures	26.77	21.21	0	100	53112
	Percent receiving tube feeding	7.22	7.54	0	100	53112
Facility characteristics	Acuity Index	11.74	1.58	0	22.79	53112
	Nurse Practitioner/Physician Assistant	0.26	0.44	0	1	53112
	Alzheimer’s unit	0.19	0.39	0	1	53112
	Percent Medicaid	64.45	23.18	0	100	53109
	Percent Medicare	10.70	12.23	0	100	53109
	Occupancy rate	0.87	0.13	0.01	1	53072
	Total beds in facility	120.56	69.08	2.00	1389.00	53112
	For profit owner	0.73	0.44	0	1	53112
	Non-profit owner	0.25	0.43	0	1	53112
Market (county) conditions	HHI of residents	1.03	0.18	0.48	2.12	53135
	RNs per hospital bed	1.46	0.42	0.03	6.58	52190
	LPNs per hospital bed	0.18	0.10	0	1.33	52190
	Nursing home beds per 1000 elders	51.34	17.78	2.20	364.67	53112
	Managed care penetration rate (%)	16.82	14.46	0	55.32	53112
	Area wage index	1.03	0.18	0.48	2.12	53112

Notes: All variables, except for patient outcome variables are annual variables. Patient outcome variables are collected each quarter. Data comes from multiple sources including the Online Survey Certification and Reporting, Minimum Data Sets, Area Resource Files, and surveys of state Medicaid offices. Medicaid payment rate is in $10 increments.