Table 5.
Quality Results
| Standard DID | Two-step DID | Two-step FGLS | Two-step FGLS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| A. Dependent variable: pressure ulcer worsening rate | ||||
| Wage pass-through | −0.00857** (0.00375) | −0.00923** (0.00363) | −0.00868** (0.00344) | −0.00868** (0.00362) |
| State minimum nursing hours | −0.000647 (0.00248) | 0.00265 (0.00496) | 0.00283 (0.00479) | 0.00283 (0.00574) |
| Medicaid payment rate | −0.00145 (0.00102) | −0.00174 (0.00161) | −0.00159 (0.00144) | −0.00159 (0.00152) |
| Case-mix reimbursement | 0.00869 (0.00690) | 0.0217** (0.0105) | 0.0217** (0.00924) | 0.0217** (0.01067) |
| AR(1) coefficient | 0.11 | 0.11 | ||
| No. of observations | 193,370 | 288 | 288 | 288 |
| B. Dependent variable: ADL decline rate | ||||
| Wage pass-through | −0.0183** (0.00756) | −0.00616 (0.00887) | −0.00459 (0.00731) | −0.00459 (0.00778) |
| State minimum nursing hours | 0.00116 (0.00332) | −0.00342 (0.00503) | −0.00298 (0.00460) | −0.00298 (0.00502) |
| Medicaid payment rate | 0.00684*** (0.00192) | 0.00697** (0.00287) | 0.00531* (0.00272) | 0.00531* (0.00289) |
| Case-mix reimbursement | 0.00431 (0.0166) | 0.0211 (0.0241) | 0.0104 (0.0226) | 0.0104 (0.0257) |
| AR(1) coefficient | 0.39 | 0.39 | ||
| No. of observations | 181,651 | 288 | 288 | 288 |
| C. Dependent variable: persistent pain rate | ||||
| Wage pass-through | 0.00139 (0.00955) | 0.00797 (0.00937) | 0.00666 (0.00657) | 0.00666 (0.00708) |
| State minimum nursing hours | −0.00480 (0.00669) | −0.00453 (0.00685) | −0.00577 (0.00752) | −0.00577 (0.00923) |
| Medicaid payment rate | 0.00672 (0.00506) | 0.00484 (0.00643) | 0.00317 (0.00504) | 0.00317 (0.00555) |
| Case-mix reimbursement | −0.0303 (0.0209) | −0.0201 (0.0215) | −0.0108 (0.0169) | −0.0108 (0.0197) |
| AR(1) coefficient | 0.46 | 0.46 | ||
| No. of observations | 191,694 | 288 | 288 | 288 |
Notes: All specifications include facility and year fixed effects. All facility and market variables listed in Table 2 are included in the standard DD procedure and the first-step of the two-step procedures. Columns (1) to (3) use standard errors clustered by state and column (4) uses standard errors jack-knifed at the state level. Medicaid repayment rate is in $10 increments.
*, **, and ***
indicate significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1 % level, respectively.