Table 6.
Additional Quality Measures
| Standard DID | Two-step DID | Two-step FGLS | Standard DID | Two-step DID | Two-step FGLS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| A. Percent receiving antipsychotics | B. Percent physically restrained | |||||
| Wage pass-through | 0.239 (0.232) | −0.262 (0.327) | −0.181 (0.302) | −0.0819 (0.381) | −0.528 (0.522) | −0.237 (0.494) |
| State minimum nursing hours | 0.356** (0.134) | −0.0348 (0.301) | −0.304 (0.296) | 0.951*** (0.189) | 0.691* (0.368) | 0.967*** (0.328) |
| Medicaid payment rate | −0.163* (0.0908) | −0.151 (0.121) | −0.0718 (0.0979) | 0.125 (0.229) | 0.0128 (0.166) | 0.00829 (0.130) |
| Case-mix reimbursement | 0.603 (0.424) | 0.811** (0.384) | 0.369 (0.369) | 1.052 (1.118) | 1.262 (0.805) | 1.104* (0.654) |
| AR(1) coefficient | 0.51 | 0.44 | ||||
| C. Percent with bowel incontinence | D. Percent with catheter | |||||
| Wage pass-through | 0.288 (0.200) | 0.314 (0.343) | 0.0498 (0.369) | −0.121 (0.0768) | −0.0494 (0.119) | −0.0565 (0.113) |
| State minimum nursing hours | −0.470* (0.253) | −0.519 (0.354) | −0.603* (0.314) | −0.123* (0.0647) | −0.166 (0.259) | −0.165 (0.225) |
| Medicaid payment rate | 0.155 (0.0995) | 0.248 (0.159) | 0.222 (0.181) | 0.0233 (0.0441) | 0.0154 (0.0532) | 0.0306 (0.0553) |
| Case-mix reimbursement | 1.048 (0.686) | 0.645 (0.592) | 0.722 (0.512) | −0.285 (0.285) | −0.234 (0.337) | −0.221 (0.224) |
| AR(1) coefficient | 0.52 | 0.38 | ||||
| E. Percent with contractures | F. Percent receiving tube feedings | |||||
| Wage pass-through | −1.014 (1.217) | −1.239 (0.804) | −0.264 (0.537) | −0.125 (0.116) | −0.146* (0.0792) | −0.139* (0.0823) |
| State minimum nursing hours | 0.0661 (0.599) | −0.224 (1.412) | −0.184 (0.727) | −0.0892 (0.0665) | −0.0461 (0.0458) | −0.0162 (0.0472) |
| Medicaid payment rate | 0.0254 (0.255) | 0.120 (0.400) | 0.386 (0.266) | −0.0128 (0.0382) | −0.0346 (0.0412) | −0.0327 (0.0353) |
| Case-mix reimbursement | 4.554** (2.092) | 2.679 (1.614) | 1.215 (0.857) | −0.382* (0.196) | −0.265 (0.167) | −0.223 (0.141) |
| AR(1) coefficient | 0.67 | 0.34 | ||||
| No. of observations | 52,147 | 288 | 288 | 52,147 | 288 | 288 |
Notes: All specifications include facility and year fixed effects. All facility and market variables listed in Table 2 are included in the standard DD procedure and the first-step of the two-step procedures. Columns (1) to (3) use standard errors clustered by state and column (4) uses standard errors jack-knifed at the state level. Medicaid repayment rate is in $10 increments.
*, **, and ***
indicate significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1 % level, respectively.