Table 8.

Robustness tests

	Medicaid share 0%			Drop Medicaid payment rate
	Standard DID	Two-step DID	Two-step FGLS	Standard DID	Two-step DID	Two-step FGLS
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
A. Dependent variable: log CNA hours
Wage pass-through	−0.00564 (0.0159)	0.0146 (0.0219)	0.0191 (0.0232)	0.00705 (0.00918)	0.00699 (0.00680)	0.00943** (0.00460)
State minimum nursing hours	0.0225 (0.0160)	0.0283* (0.0160)	0.0234** (0.0112)	0.0399*** (0.00426)	0.0199** (0.00915)	0.0132*** (0.00430)
Medicaid payment rate	0.00537 (0.00852)	0.00599 (0.00909)	0.0177 (0.0135)
Case-mix reimbursement	0.0369 (0.0345)	0.0395 (0.0462)	0.0391 (0.0333)	0.00765 (0.0104)	0.0134 (0.0133)	0.0163 (0.0110)
AR(1) coefficient			0.81			0.85
No. of obs.	2,311	243	231	52,136	288	288
B. Dependent variable: pressure ulcer worsening rate
Wage pass-through	0.0259 (0.0179)	0.00206 (0.0229)	0.00234 −0.0209	−0.00838** (0.00377)	−0.00919** (0.00361)	−0.00865** (0.00342)
State minimum nursing hours	0.00674 (0.0134)	0.0256 (0.0231)	0.0288 −0.0214	−0.00148 (0.00250)	0.00202 (0.00501)	0.00229 (0.00483)
Medicaid payment rate	0.00296 (0.00605)	−0.00443 (0.0112)	−0.00538 −0.00933
Case-mix reimbursement	0.152*** (0.0512)	0.175*** (0.0392)	0.182*** −0.0347	0.00870 (0.00706)	0.0220** (0.0108)	0.0221** (0.00949)
AR(1) coefficient			−0.11			0.11
No. of obs.	5571	222	215	193,370	288	288

Notes: All specifications include facility and year fixed effects. All facility and market variables listed in Table 2 are included in the standard DD procedure and the first-step of the two-step procedures. Standard errors clustered by state. Medicaid repayment rate is in $10 increments.

^{*, **, and ***}indicate significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1 % level, respectively.