Table 5.
Effects of PMA activation, in vitro vitamin C, and DHA diet supplementation on inflammatory gene expression.
Control | PMA | PMA + VitC | ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | A | S × A | |||||
Gene expression | |||||||
COX2 | Placebo | 1.00 ± 0.12 | 4.37 ± 1.65# | 1.21 ± 0.31$ | X | ||
Experimental | 1.14 ± 0.25 | 2.32 ± 0.81 | 1.54 ± 0.33 | ||||
NFκβ | Placebo | 1.0 ± 0.14a | 1.91 ± 0.34b | 0.88 ± 0.09a | X | X | X |
Experimental | 0.90 ± 0.08a | 0.98 ± 0.14a | 0.84 ± 0.06a | ||||
IL8 | Placebo | 1.00 ± 0.15ª | 3.19 ± 1.19b | 1.01 ± 0.36a | X | ||
Experimental | 0.89 ± 0.13a | 0.89 ± 0.12a | 1.09 ± 0.18a | ||||
TNFα | Placebo | 1.00 ± 0.12 | 2.30 ± 0.51# | 0.99 ± 0.14 | X | ||
Experimental | 1.03 ± 0.15 | 1.24 ± 0.26 | 0.97 ± 0.12$ | ||||
MPO | Placebo | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 1.32 ± 0.27 | 1.73 ± 0.59 | X | X | |
Experimental | 2.09 ± 0.61 | 1.86 ± 0.66 | 4.72 ± 1.23#$ |
Statistical analysis: two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05. S: supplementation effect; A: activation effect; S × A: interaction between supplementation and activation effects. X indicates significant effect of the statistical factor S, A, or S × A. #Difference with respect to the control group; $differences between PMA and PMA + VitC group. When interaction S × A exists between supplementation and activation factors, different letters reveal significant differences. Results are the mean ± SEM.