| Proteins and genes |
| [181] |
NMDAR |
Abnormal binding in brains of suicide completers |
| [182] |
5-HTT gene |
Promoter short allele variant promotes depression and suicidality after early life stress |
| [183] |
BDNF |
Val66Met variant interacts with stress to promote depression |
| [184] |
BDNF (review) |
Lower serum BDNF in depressed patients, normalized with AD treatment |
| [185] |
5HT1AR (review) |
C(-1019)G SNP correlates with MDD, suicidality, and decreased response to SSRIs |
| [186] |
mGluR5 |
Decreased in PFC in unmedicated depressed post-mortem samples |
| [187] |
Multiple synaptic proteins, 5- HTRs |
Decreased SNAP25, GLUR1, GLUR3; increased HTR2C, decreased HTR4 and HTR7 in hippocampal subfields of depressed |
| PET findings in depression patients in vivo |
| [186] |
mGluR5 |
Reduction in several regions, including HC and PFC |
| [188] |
5HT1AR (review) |
Mixed results, with clear trend for decrease in many brain areas |
| [189] |
5HT1BR |
Decreased binding in ventral striatum and pallidum |
| [190] |
5HT2R |
Reduction correlates with ECT effect |
| [191] |
5-HTT (review) |
Mixed results: Less binding or no effect |
| [192] |
MAO type A |
Greater binding in many areas including PFC, ACC, ventral striatum, hippocampus |
| Metabolism and activity (fMRI) |
| [193] |
|
Hypoactive areas include frontal and temporal cortices; select subcortical and limbic structures hyperactive (meta-analysis) |
| [194] |
|
Disrupted resting state interhemispheral coherence |
| [195] |
|
Increased baseline metabolism of OFC, amygdala, posterior cingulate; decreased metabolism subgenual ACC and dlPFC |
| [196] |
|
Subgenual ACC more active, dorsal ACC less active in response to reward-related feedback in anhedonic individuals |
| [46] |
|
Successful SSRI treatment reverses metabolism deficits in dlPFC, mPFC, dACC |
| [197] |
|
Reduced activation of temporal and occipital cortices during emotional task |
