Table 1.

Four randomized controlled trials of Individual Placement and Support

Study	Drake et al. (34)	Drake et al. (35)	Mueser et al. (36)	Bond et al. (33)
Location	Manchester and Concord, NH	Washington, DC	Hartford, CT	Chicago, IL
Sample Size	140	150	204	187
Control Condition	Group Skills Training: Initial training in choosing, getting, and keeping a job, followed by competitive job placement services from a stand-alone rehabilitation program	Enhanced Vocational Rehabilitation: Facilitated by a vocational rehabilitation counselor assigned to the project, services provided by well- established rehabilitation agencies offering sheltered workshops	Clubhouse and Brokered Supported Employment: Clubhouse provided work- ordered day and transitional employment; brokered supported employment included off- site supported employment and janitorial enclave	Diversified Placement: vocational approach emphasizing a range of job options, including agency- run businesses, agency- contracted placements with local business and sheltered work options
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants	*Aged 37.5 ± 9.5 yrs *49% male *96% Caucasian *74% ≥high school *51% never married *22% homelessness during past yr *46% schizophrenia-spectrum *11% substance use disorder	*Aged 40.0 ± 7.1 yrs *39% male *83% African American *65% ≥high school *65% never married *26% homelessness during past yr *69% schizophrenia-spectrum *16% substance use disorder	*Aged 41.2 ± 9.1 yrs *62% male *45% African American, 31% Latino *48% ≥high school *73% never married *75% schizophrenia-spectrum *25% substance use disorder	*Aged 38.8 ± 9.6 yrs *64% male *51% African American, 8% Latino *82% ≥high school *74% never married *19% homelessness during past yr *58% schizophrenia-spectrum *11% substance use disorder