Table 3.
EAS gene distribution within and between Epichloë species.
| Epichloë species a | Host species | Detection method b | EAS gene variations (strains observed) c | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epichloë amarillans | Agrostis hyemalis | GT, DG, G | 0* (4), (ERV) (1) | [24] |
| E. aotearoae | Echinopogon ovatus | G | 0 (1) | [24,43] |
| E. baconii | Agrostis tenuis,Calamagrostis villosa | GT, G | 0* (3) | [43] |
| E. brachyelytri | Brachyelytrum erectum | GT, G | 0 (1), CC (3) | [24] |
| E. bromicola | Bromus erectus,Bromus benekenii,Bromus tomentellus,Agropyron hispidus | GT, DG, G | 0* (5) | [43] |
| E. cabralii (H) | Phleum alpinum Bromus laevipes | G, GT | 0 (1), (ERV) (2) | [50] |
| E. canadensis (H) | Elymus canadensis | GT, DG | CC (1), ERV (1) | [43,47] |
| E. chisosa (H) | Achnatherum eminens | DG | 0 (1) | [43] |
| E. coenophiala (H) | Lolium arundinaceum | GT, DG | 0* (11), ERV (12), ERV (39) | [43,49,51] |
| E. elymi | Elymus virginicus | GT, G | 0 (1), CC (1) | [24] |
| E. festucae | Festuca trachyphylla,Festuca rubra subsp.rubra,Lolium giganteum | GT, G | 0 (1), ERV (1), (ERV) (2) | [24] |
| E. festucae var. lolii | Lolium perenne | GT, G | ERV (2), (ERV) (1) | [56,57] |
| E. festucae var. lolii x E. typhina (H) | Lolium perenne | DG | ERV (1) | [43,58] |
| E. funkii (H) | Achnatherum robustum | GT, DG | CC (1) | [43] |
| E. gansuensis | Achnatherum inebrians | G | 0 (1) | [24] |
| E. inebrians | Achnatherum inebrians | G | EN, LAH (1) | [24] |
| E. glyceriae | Glyceria striata | GT | (ERV) (2) | [24] |
| E. mollis | Holcus mollis | G | ERV (1) | [43] |
| E. occultans (H) | Lolium sp. (2x) | GT | 0 (3) | [43] |
| E. schardlii (H) | Cinna arundinacea | GT | 0 (1) | [59] |
| E. siegelii (H) | Lolium pratense | DG | 0 (1) | [43] |
| E. sylvatica | Brachypodium sylvaticum | GT | 0 (2) | [34] |
| E. typhina | Lolium perenne,Dactylis glomerata | G, GT | 0 (3) | [24,43] |
| E. typhina ssp. clarkii | Holcus lanatus | GT | ERV (1) | unpublished |
| E. typhina ssp. poae | Poa nemoralis,Bromus laevipes | GT, G | 0 (3), ERV (1) | [24,50] |
| E. uncinata (H) | Lolium pratense | DG | 0 (1) | [43] |
| E. sp. AroTG-2(H) | Achnatherum robustum | GT | EN (1) | [10] |
| E. sp. BlaTG-3(H) | Bromus laevipes | GT | 0* (1), CC (2) | [50] |
| E. sp. FaTG-2(H) | Lolium sp. (6x) | GT, DG | ERV (10), ERV (33) | [43,49,51,60] |
| E. sp. FaTG-3(H) | Lolium sp. (6x), (8X) | GT, DG | 0 (11) | [43,51,60] |
| E. sp. FaTG-4(H) | Lolium sp. (10x) | GT, DG | ERV (1), ERV (11) | [43,51] |
| E. sp. FcaTG-1(H) | Festuca campestris | GT | 0 (3) | unpublished |
| E. sp. FveTG-1(H) | Festuca versuta | GT | 0 (2) | unpublished |
| E. sp. PalTG-1(H) | Poa alsodes | GT | 0* (1) | unpublished |
| E. sp. PauTG-1(H) | Poa autumnalis | GT | 0 (1) | unpublished |
a Endophytes that are known hybrids = (H); b Detection methods for the EAS genes DG = draft genome, G = genome, GT = PCR-based genotyping; c Number of independent strains evaluated. Alkaloids are abbreviated CC = chanoclavine I, ERV = ergovaline, EN = ergonovine, LAH = lysergic acid α-hydroxyethylamide, and are in bold face (product produced) or regular type (product predicted but not yet tested), or in parentheses (product predicted but undetected). 0 = No EAS genes identified, 0* = contains only remnants of EAS clusters; 0 and 0* are unable to produce ergot alkaloids.