Table 1.
Demographic characteristics for the DHS-Mind participants
| Mean ± SD or % | Median (range) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | ||
| Age (y) | 67.3 ± 8.8 | 64.4 (41.3–89.2) |
| Gender (% female) | 55.3% | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.5 ± 6.5 | 30.4 (17.6–58.4) |
| % Smoking (current or past) | 55.1% | |
| Hypertension (%) | 78.8% | |
| Self-reported history of prior CVD | 30.9% | |
| Type 2 diabetes | ||
| Type 2 diabetes affected (%) | 76.9% | |
| Diabetes duration (y) | 16.6 ± 6.6 | 14.6 (4.9–44.3) |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 134 ± 50 | 121 (40–349) |
| Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 6.8 (4.9–14.8) |
| Medication use | ||
| Anti-diabetic medicationa | 74.0% | |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication | 67.4% | |
| Anti-hypertensive medication | 81.8% | |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 18% | |
| High school | 54% | |
| Greater than high school | 28% | |
| Cognitive function test scores | ||
| Modified mini mental state exam (3MSE) | 90.4 ± 7.2 | 92 (43–100) |
| Digit symbol substitution (DSST) | 47.5 ± 15.3 | 47 (10–98) |
| Stroop | 36.2 ± 20.6 | 30 (−8–161) |
| Phonemic fluency | 29.8 ± 7.9 | 28 (2–67) |
| Semantic fluency | 28.7 ± 11.7 | 29 (11–60) |
| Rey auditory-verbal learning task (RAVLT) | 41.6 ± 10.3 | 42 (11–66) |
Key: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DHS, diabetes heart study; SD, standard deviation.
a
Either oral hypoglycemic medications or insulin.