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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Dev Psychol. 2015 May-June;38:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2015.01.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

This model represents the full SEM (excluding the control variables and the covariance between residual variances for father and mother parenting at 24 months) with standardized coefficients and imposed equality constraints on maternal and paternal associations with child outcomes. PRG = Positive regard; STM = Stimulation; ANM = Animation; DET = Detachment; MDI = Mental Developmental Index from the Bayley; BD = Block design from the WPPSI; RV = Receptive vocabulary from the WPPSI. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.