Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics, by Intervention Assignment
| Paced Respiration (N=62) | Music Listening (N=61) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (years) | 53.1 (±3.4) | 53.7 (± 3.4) | 0.27 |
| White or Caucasian | 38.0 (61.3%) | 34.0 (55.7%) | 0.53 |
| Black or African-American | 13.0 (21.0%) | 17.0 (27.9%) | 0.37 |
| Latina or Hispanic | 2.0 (3.2%) | 4.0 (6.6%) | 0.39 |
| Asian or Asian-American | 12.0 (19.4%) | 8.0 (13.1%) | 0.35 |
| Married or living as married | 42.0 (67.8) | 31.0 (50.8) | 0.06 |
| Gynecologic | |||
| Hysterectomy | 6.0 (9.7%) | 7.0 (11.5%) | 0.75 |
| Bilateral oophorectomy | 1.0 (1.6%) | 2.0 (3.3%) | 0.55 |
| Naturally postmenopausal* | 26.0 (48.1%) | 36.0 (62.1%) | 0.14 |
| ≥1 period in the past 12 months | 21.0 (38.9%) | 15.0 (25.9%) | 0.14 |
| Past use of estrogen therapy | 7.0 (11.3%) | 7.0 (11.5%) | 0.97 |
| Physical examination | |||
| Body mass index (kg per m2) | 26.6 (±4.7) | 26.4 (±6.2) | 0.86 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.3 (±19.7) | 120.0 (±16.1) | 0.48 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.2 (±10.9) | 77.0 (±12.3) | 0.90 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) | 13.6 (±2.5) | 14.0 (±3.1) | 0.49 |
| Health-related habits | |||
| Current smoker | 4.0 (6.6%) | 8.0 (13.3%) | 0.21 |
| Alcohol ≥ 5 days per week | 8.0 (12.9) | 6.0 (9.8) | 0.59 |
| Hot flash frequency and severity* | |||
| Number of hot flushes per day | 8.6 (±3.7) | 8.4 (±3.3) | 0.88 |
| Moderate-to-severe hot flushes per day | 5.4 (±3.3) | 5.6 (±3.7) | 0.73 |
| Total hot flash severity scale score | 14.9 (±7.6) | 15.5 (±8.1) | 0.67 |
| Other symptoms and quality of life | |||
| Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale | 41.2 (±20.2) | 35.2 (±21.5) | 0.12 |
| The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire—Total | 4.2 (±1.2) | 3.8 (±1.3) | 0.10 |
| The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire-- Vasomotor Domain | 5.7 (±1.4) | 5.3 (±1.5) | 0.16 |
| Beck Depression Inventory II | 11.0 (±8.0) | 9.8 (±7.5) | 0.40 |
| Hospital Anxiety & Depression--Anxiety Subscale | 7.6 (±4.1) | 7.3 (±4.5) | 0.68 |
| Cohen Perceived Stress Scale | 16.8 (±6.6) | 16.3 (±8.3) | 0.72 |
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-- Trait Anxiety Subscale | 60.8 (±11.6) | 60.9 (±11.9) | 0.96 |
| Insomnia Severity Index | 12.1 (±6.4) | 11.7 ± (6.7) | 0.73 |
Data are number (percentage%) or as mean (± standard deviation) unless otherwise specified.
*
Defined as absence of menses for 12 months, without hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy
**
Hot flash frequency and severity scores were based on a 7-day symptom diary