Table 1.
Menopause Study participant characteristics
| Characteristica,b | HIV− n=219 |
HIV+ n=246 |
P valuec |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at 1st exam (yrs), mean ± SD | 48.0 ± 5.1 | 46.9 ± 4.9 | .02 |
|
| |||
| Race (%) | <.0001 | ||
| Black | 38.4 | 57.7 | |
| Not Black (White, Hispanic, Other) | 61.6 | 42.3 | |
|
| |||
| Menopause status: visit 1 & 2 (%) | .57 | ||
| Premenopausal (1) Premenopausal (2) | 32.1 | 29.3 | |
| Premenopausal (1) Perimenopausal (2) | 16.0 | 14.2 | |
| Perimenopausal (1) Perimenopausal (2) | 26.4 | 25.9 | |
| Perimenopausal (1) Postmenopausal (2) | 6.1 | 10.3 | |
| Postmenopausal (1) Postmenopausal (2) | 19.3 | 20.3 | |
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| |||
| BMI at visit 1 (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 32.0 ± 7.1 | 28.2 ± 6.4 | <.0001 |
|
| |||
| Past estrogen therapy (%) | 8.7 | 12.6 | .17 |
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| Ever corticosteroid use (%) | 10.5 | 9.0 | .58 |
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| Smoking history (%) | .10 | ||
| Nonsmoker | 8.7 | 9.4 | |
| Former smoker | 21.0 | 29.3 | |
| Current smoker | 70.3 | 61.4 | |
|
| |||
| Pack years at visit 1, mean ± SD | 18.5 ± 15.9 | 14.4 ± 14.0 | .003 |
|
| |||
| Alcohol drinks per day, mean ± SD | 0.39 ± 1.14 | 0.41 ± 0.09 | .86 |
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| |||
| Opioid use ever (%) | 54.3 | 31.3 | <.0001 |
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| Methadone use ever (%) | 46.1 | 21.6 | <.0001 |
|
| |||
| Hepatitis C Virus seropositivity (%) | 47.7 | 51.5 | .42 |
|
| |||
| FSH level (IU/L), mean ± SD | 46.1 ± 5.1 | 45.1 ± 4.2 | .03 |
|
| |||
| 25OH vitamin D level (ng/mL), mean ± SD | 18.8 ± 8.9 | 19.3 ± 9.6 | .60 |
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| |||
| Log10 BAP (mcg/L), mean ± SD | 1.26 ± 0.17 | 1.29 ± 0.20 | .14 |
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| Log10 Osteocalcin (ng/mL), mean ± SD | 0.94 ± 0.33 | 1.03 ± 0.36 | .007 |
|
| |||
| Log10 CTx (ng/mL), mean ± SD | −0.78 ± 0.23 | −0.71 ± 0.30 | .004 |
|
| |||
| Total hip BMD (g/cm2) (mean ± SD) | 1.08 ± 0.14 | 1.04 ± 0.15 | .002 |
|
| |||
| Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) (mean ± SD) | 1.04 ± 0.14 | 1.01 ± 0.14 | .02 |
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| |||
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) (mean ± SD) | 1.23 ± 0.17 | 1.21 ± 0.17 | .14 |
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| History of AIDS diagnosis | NAd | 31.3 | NAd |
|
| |||
| CD4 count (cells/ml), median (IQR) | NAd | 486 (321, 697) | NAd |
|
| |||
| HIV RNA viral load (copies/ml), median (IQR) | NAd | 141.3 (75.9, 4,265.8) | NAd |
|
| |||
| HIV RNA viral load (log10 copies/ml ), median (IQR) | NAd | 2.2 (1.9, 3.6) | NAd |
|
| |||
| Antiretroviral therapy use (%) | |||
|
| |||
| Never use | NAd | 11.4 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Initiation (naive) | NAd | 3.3 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Discontinuation | NAd | 5.3 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Re-initiation | NAd | 10.2 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Continuous use | NAd | 69.5 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Tenofovir use (%) | |||
|
| |||
| Never use | NAd | 68.7 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Initiation | NAd | 25.6 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Discontinuation | NAd | 0.8 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Continuous use | NAd | 3.3 | NAd |
|
| |||
| Time from HIV diagnosis (yrs, %) | |||
| Unknown | NAd | 1.6 | NAd |
| < 5 | NAd | 19.9 | NAd |
| 5–9 | NAd | 36.6 | NAd |
| ≥10 | NAd | 41.9 | NAd |
a
Abbreviations: HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; BMI: body mass index; BMD: bone mineral density; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; BAP: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; OC: osteocalcin; CTx: C-telopeptide
b
Values are expressed as mean ± SD for continuous variables and % for categorical variables
c
Compares HIV− to HIV+ with independent samples t-test for continuous variables and with chi-square for categorical variables
d
NA not applicable since only applies to HIV+
Menopause participant characteristics have been previously published (Sharma A, et al. Maturitas. 2011 Nov; 70(3): 295–301.)