a–d,
MX1 (a, c) and OAS2 (b, d) expression during the duration of IFN-α2a treatment in the IFN-α2a group alone (a, b) and during infection in the IFN-α2a (n =6) and placebo (n =9) groups (c, d). P values were calculated by Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test. e, Percentage of in vitro IFN antiviral activity inhibited by plasma from IFN-α2a (n =6) and placebo (n =3) macaques. f, Expression of FOXO3a and FOXO3a-bound genes in SIV-uninfected macaques (n =3) treated with 21 days of IFN-α2a. Large circles indicate statistically significant (P<0.05) changes from pre-IFN-α2a treatment calculated by Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test. Small circles indicate no statistically significant change from pre-IFN-α2a treatment. g, Expression of IFN-α-regulatory genes in IFN-α2a (n =6) and placebo (n =9) macaques. P values represent the comparison between FPKMs of IFN-α2a (n =6) and placebo (n =9) macaques at 7 d.p.i. h, Expression of FOXO3a-bound genes in IFN-α2a (green, n =6) and placebo (blue, n =9) macaques at 7 d.p.i.