Table 3.
Sleep Disorders Inventory: item level descriptive statistics
| Symptom* | Frequency (0–4) | Severity (0–3) | Distress† (0–5) | Endorsement‡ | Mod/marked severity§ | Mod/extreme distress¶ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difficulty falling asleep | 1.6 ± 1.7; 0 | 1.8 ± 0.8; 1 | 2.0 ± 1.5; 3 | 47.2% | 54.5% | 42.6% |
| Getting up during the night (do not count if the subject gets up once or twice per night to go to the bathroom and quickly falls back to sleep) | 2.9 ± 104; 4 | 1.9 ± 0.7; 2 | 2.3 ± 1.4; 3 | 82.1 | 71.7 | 47.3 |
| Wandering, pacing or getting involved in inappropriate activities at night | 1.9 ± 1.7; 0 | 1.9 ± 0.7; 2 | 2.7 ± 1.4; 3 | 57.1 | 69.8 | 55.6 |
| Awakening you during the night | 2.4 ± 1.6; 4 | 1.9 ± 0.7; 2 | 2.6 ± 1.3; 3 | 67.9 | 72.0 | 54.9 |
| Awakening at night, dressing, and planning to go out, thinking that it is morning and time to start the day | 1.2 ± 1.5; 0 | 1.8 ± 0.7; 2 | 2.4 ± 1.4; 3 | 34.3 | 64.6 | 58.4 |
| Awakening too early in the morning (earlier than is his/her habit) | 1.7 ± 1.6; 0 | 1.8 ± 0.7; 2 | 2.2 ± 1.6; 3 | 51.4 | 65.0 | 51.7 |
| Sleeping excessively during the day | 2.0 ± 1.7; 0 | 1.5 ± 0.7; 1 | 1.3 ± 1.4; 0 | 58.5 | 40.3 | 23.9 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD; mode, or percent.
These symptoms are from ‘The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia’, by J. L. Cummings, M. Mega, K Gray, et al., Neurology 1994; 44, p. 2314. Copyright 1994 by J. L. Cummings. Adapted with permission.
Caregiver’s distress rating;
proportion of group rating symptom as occurring at least once per week;
proportion of group reporting moderate or marked severity;
proportion of group expressing moderate to extreme distress.
Frequency ratings (relative to the past 2 weeks): 0 = not present; 1 = less than once per week; 2 = 1–2 times per week; 3 = several times per day but less than every day; 4 = once or more per day (every night).
Severity ratings: 0 = not present; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = marked (see Appendix for more detail). Caregiver distress ratings (how emotionally distressing is the behaviour?): 0 = not at all; 1 = minimally; 2 = mildly; 3 = moderately; 4 = severely; 5 = very severely/extremely.