Table 1.

Neuropeptides spatially characterized via MS imaging in crustacean nervous system

Neuropeptide Family	Sequence	Tissue and Species	MS instrumentation	In situ Identification	Reference
FMRFamides	NRNFLRFa	C. borealis PO and brain C. sapidus STG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	a MS2 ([41, 53, 86])	[41, 53, 54, 86]
	GNRNFLRFa	C. borealis PO and brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	SDRNFLRFa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	b AM ([53])	[53]
	SQPSKNYLRFa	C. sapidus STG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([86])	[86]
	GAHKNYLRFa	C. borealis PO and brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53, 54])	[53, 54]
	GYSKNYLRFa	C. borealis PO and brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53])	[53]
	AYNRSFLRFa	C. borealis PO and brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	SENRNFLRFa	C. borealis PO and brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	SMPSLRLRFa	C. borealis brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53])	[41, 53]
	APQRNFLRFa	C. borealis brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	pQDLDHVFLRFa	C. sapidus STG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([86])	[86]
	DVRTPALRLRFa	C. borealis brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53] [54])	[41, 53, 54]
	GDRNFLRFa	P. monodon brain and TG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([98])	[98]
SIFamide	GYRKPPFNGSIFa	C. borealis brain C. sapidus STG P. monodon brain and TG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53, 98]) AM ([86])	[41, 53, 86, 98]
	VYRKPPFNGSIFa	H. americanus brain	MALDI-LTQ-Orbitrap MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([63])	[63]
AST-A	pERAYSFGLa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM [53])	[53]
	PRDYAFGLa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM [53])	[53]
	ANEDEDAASLFAFGLa	P. monodon brain and TG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 [98])	[98]
AST-B	NWNKFQGSWa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	GNWNKFQGSWa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	AGWSSMRGAWa	C. sapidus STG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([86])	[86]
	NNWSKFQGSWa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	STNWSSLRSAWa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	NNNWSKFQGSWa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	SGDWSSLRGAWa	C. sapidus STG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([86])	[86]
	VPNDWAHFRGSWa	C. borealis PO C. sapidus STG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53]) AM ([86])	[53] [86]
CCAP	PFCNAFTGCa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 [53])	[53]
Orcokinins	NFDEIDRSGFG	C. borealis brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53])	[53]
	NFDEIDRSGFDG	P. monodon brain and TG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([98])	[98]
	NFDEIDRSGFGFA	C. borealis brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([41, 53, 54])	[41, 53, 54]
	NFDEIDRSGFGFV	C. borealis brain P. monodon brain and TG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53], [98])	[53, 98]
	NFDEIDRSSFGFV	C. borealis brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53])	[53]
	NFDEIDRSSFGFN	C. borealis brain C. sapidus STG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53, 86])	[53, 86]
	NFDEIDRSGFGFN	H. americanus brain	MALDI-LTQ-Orbitrap MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([63])	[63]
	NFDEIDRTGFGFH	C. borealis brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([54])	[41, 54]
Orcomyotropin-related	FDAFTTGFGHS	C. borealis brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53])	[53]
RYamides	FYSQRYa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53])	[53]
	SGFYANRYa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
	SSRFVGGSRYa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53])	[53]
	pEGFYSQRYa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([53])	[53]
TRPs	APSGFLGMRa	C. borealis brain H. americanus brain C. sapidus STG	MALDI-LTQ-Orbitrap MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([41, 53, 54, 63, 86])	[41, 53, 54, 63, 86]
	YRSGFLGMRa	C. sapidus brain	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([92])	[92]
	PSGFLGMRamide	P. monodon brain and TG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([98])	[98]
YRamide	HIGSLYRa	C. borealis PO	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([53])	[53]
CHH superfamily	Cab-SG-CHH-I	C. borealis SG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([93])	[93]
	Cab-SG-CHH-II	C. borealis SG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([93])	[93]
	Cab-SG-MIH	C. borealis SG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([93])	[93]
	Cab-SG-MOIH	C. borealis SG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	AM ([93])	[93]
	HEEYQAHVQTV	P. monodon brain, SG and TG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([98])	[98]
PDH	NSELINSLLGIPK	P. monodon retina, brain and TG	MALDI-TOF/TOF	MS2 ([98])	[98]
Others	HI/LASLYKPR	H. americanus brain	MALDI-LTQ-Orbitrap	AM ([63])	[63]

^aMS² indicates that the neuropeptide was identified and validated by on-tissue MS/MS fragmentation;

^bAM indicates that the neuropeptide was identified by accurate mass matching to existing database.