Table 2.
Population information of the selected studies
| Ref. | DM type | Age (yr) | Sex (M/F, n) | DM duration (yr) | Type of therapy for DM | GI symptoms, n |
| de Luis et al[43], 2000 | T1DM | 44.9 ± 15.5 | 4/9 | 13.49 ± 7.0 | Insulin | 10 with dyspepsia |
| (1-33) | ||||||
| Arslan et al[28], 2000 | T1DM | 12.6 ± 4.2 | 36/52 | HP+: 3.85 ± 3.62; | Insulin | 5 had upper GI symptoms |
| HP-: 2.30 ± 2.12 (P = 0.02)1 | ||||||
| (0-13) | ||||||
| Ko et al[29], 2001 | T2DM | 49.9 ± 12.0 | 29/34 | HP+: 5.2 ± 5.7; | Irrespective | 29 had upper GI symptoms |
| HP-: 7.3 ± 6.6 (NS) | ||||||
| (1-26; median: 3) | ||||||
| Jones et al[30], 2002 | T1DM and T2DM | 44.7 ± 2.99 | 25/38 | 16.6 ± 1.4 | Insulin; oral drugs | GI symptoms occurred frequently |
| Ojetti et al[18], 2002 | T1DM | 42 ± 9 | 18/16 | NA | Insulin | None had GI symptoms |
| Candelli et al[31], 2003 | T1DM | 15 ± 6 | 65/56 | 6.6 ± 4.6 | Insulin | A proportion had GI symptoms |
| Wang et al[32], 2003 | T2DM | (28-83) | 44/50 | HP+: 5.8 ± 2.2; | Insulin and oral drugs | A proportion had GI symptoms2 |
| HP-: 9.3 ± 6.5 (P < 0.05)1 | ||||||
| Candelli et al[33], 2004 | T1DM | 13.35 ± 3.62 | 28/30 | NA | Insulin | 35 had GI symptoms |
| Agrawal et al[38], 2005 | T2DM | 52.8 ± 11.1 | 62/18 | NA | NA | 36 had GI symptoms |
| Moghimi et al[41], 2007 | T2DM | NA | NA | No difference in two groups | Insulin and oral drugs | NA |
| Ojetti et al[19], 2007 | T1DM | 48 ± 9 | 23/17 | 27.5 ± 12.5 | Insulin | NA |
| Toporowska-Kowalska et al[34], 2007 | T1DM | 14.38 ± 3.75 | NA | (0.5-16) | Insulin | NA |
| Khalil et al[44], 2007 | T1DM | 14.2 ± 2.8 | 56/44 | 6.2 ± 2.3 | Insulin | 45 had vague abdominal pain |
| Demir et al[35], 2008 | T2DM | 52.0 ± 8.2 | 44/97 | 6.1 ± 5.9 | Insulin, oral drugs or diet alone | All had GI symptoms |
| HP+: 5.9 ± 6.1; | ||||||
| HP-: 6.28 ± 5.9 (NS) | ||||||
| Lu et al[40], 2010 | T1DM | 18.6 ± 10.6 | 45/35 | No difference in two groups | Insulin | NA |
| Candelli et al[17], 2012 | T1DM | 16.8 ± NA (9-21) | 41/28 | NA | Insulin | A proportion had GI symptoms |
| Wei[39], 2012 | T2DM | 50.0 ± 11.2 | 36/32 | NA | NA | NA |
| Zhou et al[36], 2012 | T2DM | 59.22 ± 2.57 | 87/93 | NA | NA | NA |
| Vafaeimanesh et al[42], 2013 | T2DM | 55.3 ± 10.4 | 50/43 | NA | Non-insulin users | A proportion had GI symptoms |
| Peng et al[37], 2013 | T2DM | 50.1 ± 10.3 | 51/34 | No difference in two groups | NA | NA |
| Wada et al[45], 2013 | T2DM | 63.7 ± 1.1 | 55/17 | NA | NA | NA |
1
Significant difference in the duration of diabetes for the HP+ vs HP-;
2
Prevalence of GI symptoms was higher in the HP+ group than in the HP- group. Data are presented as mean ± SD (range). DM: Diabetes mellitus; HP+: Helicobacter pylori–positive; HP-: H. pylori–negative; GI: Gastrointestinal; NA: Not available; NS: Not significant; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.