Dex significantly reduces CSF pleocytosis elicited by Bb. WBCs per microliter of CSF recorded over time in rhesus macaques inoculated intrathecally with live Bb alone, inoculated with Bb and treated with Dex, inoculated with Bb and treated with Mel, and uninfected controls were followed for 8 weeks (A) and 14 weeks (B) after inoculation. Data are expressed as means ± SD. n = 2 rhesus macaques. ∗∗∗P < 0.001 for the comparison of Bb+Dex with Bb alone, determined by two-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni post tests. Bb, Borrelia burgdorferi; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Dex, dexamethasone; Mel, meloxicam; WBC, white blood cell.