Table 1.
The Principal Cell Types that Express Human Formyl Peptide Receptors and the Predominant Agonists and Antagonists of the Receptors
| Receptor/cell type | Agonists | Antagonists |
|---|---|---|
| FPR1 | ||
| Neutrophils8 | N-formylated peptides7 | Cyclosporin H30 |
| Macrophages20 | Synthetic fMLF5 | Cyclosporin A29 |
| Monocytes31 | Cathepsin G32 | Boc-MLF (Boc-1)10 |
| Dendritic cells33 | FAM19A434 | Boc-FLFLFL (Boc 2)10 |
| Epithelial cells35 | Annexin A1∗35 | CHIPS9 |
| Hepatocytes10 | Ac2-26∗35 | Spinorphin9 |
| Glial cells10 | ||
| Astrocytes10 | ||
| Keratinocytes36 | ||
| FPR2 | ||
| Neutrophils37 | N-formylated peptides38 | Boc-MLF (Boc-1)10 |
| Macrophages39 | fMLF40 | Boc-FLFLFL (Boc 2)10 |
| Monocytes41 | LL-3741 | WRW4 peptide10 |
| Dendritic cells9 | Serum amyloid A9 | |
| Microglia9 | β-Amyloid9 | |
| T lymphocytes9 | HIV gp41-derived peptide9 | |
| Epithelial cells35 | Annexin A1∗42 | |
| Ac2-26∗42 | ||
| Lipoxin A4∗41 | ||
| Humanin∗43 | ||
| FPR3 | ||
| Macrophages10 | F2L∗44 | WRW4 peptide10 |
| Monocytes10 | Humanin∗43 | |
| Dendritic cells10 | ||
| Eosinophils9 | ||
Ac2-26, N-terminal peptide of annexin 1; Boc-FLFLFL, Boc-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe-OH; Boc-MLF, Boc-Met-Leu-Phe-OH; CHIPS, chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus; FAM19A4, family with sequence similarity 19, member A4; fMLF, formyl-methyl-leucine-phenylalanine; FPR, formyl peptide receptor; gp, glycoprotein; LL-37, leucine, leucine 37; WRW4, Trp-Arg-Trp-Trp-Trp-Trp-CONH2 (WRWWWW).
∗
Anti-inflammatory agonist; the ligands described elicit functional responses in a number of cell types.