Figure 3.

Fold changes in TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, MyD88 and NF-κB mRNA levels in alveolar macrophages of healthy rats after 4 h of spontaneous breathing (non-ventilated) or 4 h of mechanical ventilation with tidal volumes of 7 mL/kg (low V_T) or 40 mL/kg (high V_T) are shown in (B). Data are mean ± SD, n=10. Results were normalized to the values in GAPDH control amplifications, and expressed as fold changes relative to the non-ventilated control animals. *, P<0.001 vs. non-ventilated animals. TLR, Toll-like receptor; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB.