Table 4.
Distribution of households’ health-related expenditures across the type of care
| Proportion of householdsª | Proportion of household health spending a | Direct costs b | Indirect costs b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical fees | Medicines and laboratory | Transportation and food costs for patient and caregiver | Productivity losses for patient and caregiver | |||
| Outpatient care for chronic diseases | 49% | 43.9% | ||||
| Average proportion of total costs (%) | 12% | 74% | 9% | 5% | ||
| Average spending (INR) | 118 | 1220 | 159 | 100 | ||
| Average spending in (US$)c | (2.66) | (27.50) | (3.58) | (2.25) | ||
| Standard deviation | 257 | 2825 | 630 | 435 | ||
| Outpatient care for acute conditions | 58% | 42.7% | ||||
| Average proportion of total costs (%) | 33% | 51% | 9% | 8% | ||
| Average spending (INR) | 112 | 338 | 67 | 66 | ||
| Average spending (in US$)c | (2.52) | (7.62) | (1.51) | 1.49) | ||
| Standard deviation | 208 | 1404 | 275 | 237 | ||
| Hospitalization | 15% | 8.8% | ||||
| Average proportion of total costs (%) | 67% | 13% | 12% | 8% | ||
| Average spending (INR) | 978 | 212 | 158 | 110 | ||
| Average spending (in US$)c | (22.05) | (4.78) | (5.82) | (2.48) | ||
| Standard deviation | 1208 | 559 | 320 | 229 | ||
| Maternity care | 12% | 4.6% | ||||
| Average proportion of total costs (%) | 15% | 2% | 61% | 23% | ||
| Average spending (INR) | 56 | 2 | 96 | 42 | ||
| Average spending (in US$)c | (1.26) | (0.05) | (2.16) | (0.95) | ||
| Standard deviation | 198 | 9 | 179 | 137 | ||
Notes: Composition of monthly average household health expenditures (in INR). We include interests that had to be paid on loans taken to finance health care related expenditures in the productivity losses. On average, these represent 8.5% of foregone earnings.
ªamong those households reporting any kind of health expenditures bshare of total household health expenditures of the specific type of care cusing the 2010 exchange rate.