Table 3. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses of the association between the Level of smoking and dysphonia: odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI).
| Level of smoking (pack years) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SVP | LD | SVP | LD | SVP | LD | |
| Light | 1.38 | 1.18 | 1.47 | 1.20 | 1.44 | 1.20 |
| (≤26.7) | (0.95, 2.01) | (0.81, 1.71) | (1.00, 2.14) | (0.82, 1.76) | (0.98, 2.10) | (0.82, 1.76) |
| Medium | 0.77 | 1.34 | 0.82 | 1.37 | 0.84 | 1.36 |
| (>26.7–40.5) | (0.30, 1.95) | (0.70, 2.55) | (0.32, 2.09) | (0.71, 2.62) | (0.33, 2.15) | (0.71, 2.61) |
| Heavy | 3.69* | 2.13 | 3.96* | 2.18 | 3.86* | 2.17 |
| (>40.5–55.5) | (1.64, 8.31) | (0.83, 5.44) | (1.75, 8.95) | (0.85, 5.58) | (1.69, 8.79) | (0.85, 5.57) |
| Very heavy | 3.05 | 3.98* | 3.19 | 4.01* | 2.70 | 3.98* |
| (>55.5–156) | (0.95, 9.83) | (1.22, 12.95) | (0.99, 10.28) | (1.23, 13.05) | (0.84, 8.73) | (1.22, 13.00) |
Notes.
Reference group is non smoker
*
p < 0.05, pack years = (packs smoked per day) × (years as a smoker).
- SVP
- self-reported voice problem
- LD
- laryngeal disease
- Model 1
- adjusted for age, sex, education, quartiles of income, and occupation.
- Model 2
- additionally adjusted for alcohol drinking
- Model 3
- additionally adjusted for pain and discomfort during the last 2 weeks.