Solanezumab (LY2062430) |
Eli Lilly and Co |
Passive immunotherapy |
Phase 2/3 ongoing, Phase 3 ongoing |
“Peripheral Sink Hypothesis” via LRP1 and ApoE, or astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes via PgP efflux pump across BBB, and subsequent phagocytosis by perivascular macrophages |
Crenezumab (MABT51021A, RG7412) |
Genentech |
Passive immunotherapy |
Phase 2 ongoing |
CAD106 |
Novartis pharmaceuticals corporation |
Active immunotherapy |
None |
FcRn-mediated IgG-assisted Aβ efflux across BBB with subsequent phagocytosis by perivascular macrophages + a non-Fc-mediated disruption of plaque structure |
ACI-24 (Pal1-15 acetate salt) |
AC immune SA |
Active immunotherapy |
Phase 1/2 ongoing |
MK-8931 (MK-8931-09) |
Merck |
Small molecule |
Phase 2/3 ongoing, Phase 3 ongoing |
Suppression of Aβ production, so endogenous ADEs can degrade Aβ, such as: NEP, ECE-1, IDE, ACE, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, Plasmin |
AZD3293 (LY3314914) |
AstraZeneca |
Small molecule |
Phase 2/3 ongoing |
VTP-37948 |
Vitae pharmaceuticals |
Small molecule |
Phase I ongoing |
E2609 |
Biogen Idec, Eisai Co., Ltd. |
Small molecule |
Phase I and Phase II ongoing |
TTP488 (PF-04494700) |
Pfizer, TransTech Pharma, Inc. |
Small molecule |
Phase III pending |
Suppression of Aβ transcytosis into the brain with endogenous ADEs to degrade Aβ within brain, such as: NEP, ECE-1, IDE, ACE, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, Plasmin |