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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2015 Jun 1;53:113–120. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.03.025

Table 2.

Main Results of the Cultural Adaptation Studies.

Study Intervention Target population Design and comparison groups Results
Turner, Richards & Sanders, 2007 Triple P Indigenous families living in Australia Repeated measures randomized group; culturally sensitive Triple P with waiting list Good retention rate of families in intervention and high satisfaction by families; small drop out of families in waiting list prior to engaging them in intervention. Decrease in child problem behavior; improvement parenting practices (decrease on parent verbosity).
Matos, Bauermeister, & Bernal, 2009 PCIT Puerto Ricans families living in Puerto Rico Repeated measures randomized group; adapted PCIT with waiting list Significant reduction on mother's depression and child outcome (hyperactivity, inattention, aggression and oppositional behaviors), and increase in the use of adequate parenting practices on the intervention group.
Matos, Torres, Santiago, Jurado, & Rodriguez, 2006 PCIT Puerto Ricans famlies living in Puerto Rico Pre-post assessment; single group High retention rates and satisfaction level from parents. Significant reduction in children‘s’ externalizing problems, reduction of parenting stress, and improvement in parenting practices.
McCabe & Yeh (2009) PCIT Mexican American families living in the US GANA (PCIT adapted), standard PCIT or treatment as usual Both GANA and PCIT produced significant decrease in child externalizing behavior, increase in parent practices, and decrease in parent distress TAU. GANA was not superior to PCIT.
Martinez & Eddy, 2005 PMTO Latino families in the U.S. (50% target children were U.S.-born, 50% were foreign born) RCT; PMTO vs. No intervention High retention rates; high satisfaction from parents and strong support for group intervention. Significant improvement in parenting practices (general parenting, skill encouragement, overall effective parenting), as well as significant decrease in youth aggression, externalizing behaviors, likelihood of smoking and use of alcohol, marijuana and other drugs.
Parra Cardona et al., 2012 PMTO Latino families living in the US RCT; CAPAS-Enhanced (with two extra sessions about bicultural experience) vs. CAPAS-Original (PMTO translated to Spanish) High engagement, retention and parent satisfaction in both arms. Participants from CAPAS-Enhanced emphasized the importance of devoting time to reflect about cultural themes.
Bjørkness & Manger, 2013 PMTO Muslim families from Somalia and Pakistan living in Norway RCT; adapted PMTO and waiting list Moderate retention rate; high satisfaction. Improvement in parenting practices (decrease in hash discipline and increase in positive parenting), and reduction on child behavior problem as reported by mothers. No difference in child behavior as reported by teachers.