Table 1.
Studies investigating the link between oral cancer and periodontal disease.
| Author | Study design | Oral health criteria | Study population | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bundgaard et al. (85) | Case-control | Missing teeth | 161 patients and 400 controls (Denmark) | Significantly increased risk of developing oral SCCA for patients with fewer than 15 teeth |
| Rezende et al. (86) | Case-control | CPITNa and DMFTb | 50 patients and 50 controls (Cuba) | 76% of subjects in cancer group showed greater than 6 mm pockets compared to 10% of control group |
| Garrote et al. (87) | Case-control | Missing teeth | 200 patients and controls (Cuba) | Significantly increased risk of oral cancer for patients missing 16 or more teeth |
| Hiraki et al. (88) | Case-control | Missing teeth | 429 patients and 10,480 controls (Japan) | Significantly increased risk of head and neck cancer with decreased number remaining teeth |
| Marshall et al. (89) | Case-control | Missing teeth | 290 patients and controls (United States) | Significantly increased risk of oral cancer with loss of 11 or more teeth |
| Michaud et al. (90) | Cohort | Self-reported history of periodontal disease (confirmed by radiographs and missing teeth) | 118 patients (United States) | No significant increase in risk for oropharyngeal cancer with history of periodontal disease or increased number of tooth loss |
| Rosenquist et al. (91) | Case-control | Missing teeth | 132 patients and 320 controls (Sweden) | Significantly increased risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer for missing over 20 teeth |
| Tezal et al. (92) | Cohort | Clinical attachment loss (CAL) | 131 oral tumors and 323 oral pre-cancerous lesions (United States) | Significantly increased risk of oral tumor and pre-cancerous lesion with >1.5 mm clinical attachment loss |
| Tezal et al. (81) | Case-control | Alveolar bone loss | 51 cases and 54 controls (United States) | Significantly increased risk of tongue cancer with increased alveolar bone loss |
| Tezal et al. (82) | Case-control | Alveolar bone loss | 266 patients and 207 controls (United States) | Significantly increased risk of oral cavity SCC with periodontitis |
| Tezal et al. (93) | Case-control | Alveolar bone loss | 124 head and neck SCC patients (United States) | Periodontitis is associated with tumor HPV status |
| Wen et al. (94) | Cohort | Medical records from insurance claims | 96,375 gingivitis and 51,791 periodontitis cases (Taiwan) | Significantly increased risk of oral cancer with the history of periodontitis |
| Zheng et al. (95) | Case-control | Missing teeth | 404 subjects and controls (United States) | Significantly increased risk of oral cancer with increased missing teeth |
aWHO guidelines of community periodontal index of treatment needs (depth of periodontal pockets on scale of 1–4).
bWHO guidelines of decayed, missing, and filled teeth.