Table 2.

Levels of technology fit, description of levels and findings related to workflow issues at different work levels

Level	Description of the Level from Karsh et al.	Workflow Issues Identified
User-technology fit	“Fit between technology and user characteristics (e.g., values, attitudes, abilities)”	1. Use among team members varies due to their abilities, attitudes and values 2. Inappropriate use of messaging by patients
Task-technology fit	“Fit between technology and health care task characteristics (e.g., complexity, time constraints) ”	3. SM was tethered, but not integrated, into the electronic record 4. Technology-related issues (e.g., frequent log offs, time required to log onto second system)
Organization-technology fit	“Fit between technology and organizational characteristics (e.g., policies, practices, social climate, resources)”	5. Need for additional policies (e.g. access by family members, identification of surrogates) 6. Additional workload 7. Despite the significant impact on workload, there was no workload credit for SM.
Environment-technology fit	“Fit between technology and the external (e.g. politics, culture) or internal (e.g., lighting, layout, noise) environment”	8. Patient expectations of early response