Distribution of pain scores by sex. Pain scores for female and male patients recorded between the end of surgery and the end of postoperative day (POD) 5 are shown. The sample comprised 333,446 pain scores, documented using the numeric rating scale (NRS), from 7,731 subjects undergoing 78 separate Clinical Categorization Software (CCS) categories of surgery. There was a statistically significant difference between female and male patients (mean difference 0.36, 99% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.4, P < 0.0001), with a mean score of 4.1 (99% CI 4.1–4.1) for females and 3.74 (99% CI 3.7–3.8) for males.