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. 2015 May 5;10(5):e0125027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125027

Fig 5. Model of lipoprotein access to sites of infection.

Fig 5

(1) In a healthy subject, the liver releases HDL and VLDL, the latter of which is reduced to LDL by lipase activity. (2) Following oral feeding, enterocytes package dietary lipids and apoB48 into chylomicrons (CM). (3) Lipoproteins are available for host innate defense in the circulation or upon serum extravasation to sites of peripheral infection or inflammation. In a critically ill patient, LP release from the liver is limited as part of the APR and oral feeding may not be possible. The resulting reductions in serum LP levels may negatively impact both peripheral and systemic host innate defense against bacterial pathogens.