Table 3. Effect of operative versus non-operative treatments on the occurrence of complications.

Complications	Studies	Fractures (O)	Fractures (N)	RR	95%CI	P value
Nonunion	3	86	87	0.41	0.05–3.26	0.40
Malunion	2	69	72	0.22	0.03–1.99	0.18
Symptomatic osteoarthritis	2	54	49	0.70	0.37–1.35	0.29
Osteoarthritis	4	121	112	1.14	0.61–2.12	0.69
Further surgery intervention	5	145	147	1.52	0.36–6.08	0.55

O, operative treatment; N, non-operative treatment