Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of participating mothers and infants by maternal HIV status during pregnancy, South Africa, 2011–2012.
| Mothers with HIV seroconversion during pregnancy | Mothers with known (prevalent) HIV-positive status prior or during pregnancy * | Mothers with HIV negative status throughout pregnancy | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N** (n***) 25061 (212) | % (95%CI) | Mean (SD) | N** (n***) 348635 (2738) | %(95%CI) | Mean (SD) | N** (n***) 782600 (6852) | %(95%CI) | Mean (SD) | |
| Maternal mean age (mean, Standard Deviation (SD)) | 26.6 (0.41) | 28.0 (0.13) | 25.2 (0.09) | ||||||
| Married status | |||||||||
| Single | 18,482 (149) | 73.7 (66.4–80.2) | 270,153(2053) | 77.5 (74.9–79.9) | 565,958 (4890) | 72.3 (70.2–74.3) | |||
| Married/cohabiting | 6,445 (61) | 25.7 (19.3–33.0) | 76,322 (665) | 21.9(19.5–24.4) | 213,570 (1931) | 27.3 (25.3–29.4) | |||
| Widow/Divorced | 134 (2) | 0.5 (0.2–2.7) | 2,160 (20) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 3,073 (31) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | |||
| Education level | |||||||||
| None | 307 (4) | 1.2 (0.2–3.8) | 4,879 (41) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 11,606 (104) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | |||
| Grade 1–7 | 4,572 (46) | 18.2 (12.8–24.8) | 57,518 (481) | 16.5 (14.6–18.5) | 93,001 (858) | 11.9 (10.8–13.1) | |||
| Grade 8–12 | 19,396 (156) | 77.4 (70.6–83.2) | 273,464 (2120) | 78.4 (76.2–80.5) | 626,273 (5487) | 80.0 (78.2–81.5) | |||
| Grade 12+ | 786 (6) | 3.1 (1.0–7.2) | 12,572 (94) | 3.6 (2.7–4.7) | 52,569 (400) | 6.7 (5.7–7.8) | |||
| Social economic status (SES) | |||||||||
| Average | 15,032 (136) | 60.0 (51.3–68.2) | 218,361 (1792) | 62.6 (58.6–66.5) | 511,451 (4693) | 65.4 (62.6–68.0) | |||
| Lower | 8,229 (62) | 32.8 (25.0–41.4) | 107,549 (773) | 30.8 (27.1–34.8) | 218,559 (1748) | 27.9 (25.8–30.1) | |||
| Lowest | 1,800 (14) | 7.2 (3.5–12.7) | 22,614 (172) | 6.5 (5.0–8.3) | 52,230 (408) | 6.7 (5.2–8.5) | |||
| Parity (mean, SD) | 2.3 (0.09) | 2.5 (0.03) | 2.1 (0.02) | ||||||
| No of live-children (mean,(SD)) | 2.1 (0.08) | 2.3 (0.02) | 2.0 (0.02) | ||||||
| Number of antenatal visit (mean, (SD)) | 4.3 (0.11) | 5.1 (0.07) | 4.9 (0.04) | ||||||
| Gestational age of 1st antennal care visit (ANC) (mean, (SD)) | 18.4 (0.47) | 17.6 (0.15) | 18.0 (0.11) | ||||||
| Gave Birth at home | 2346 (20) | 9.4 (5.3–15.0) | 15544 (130) | 4.5 (3.5–5.6) | 33168 (299) | 4.2 (3.7–4.9) | |||
| Birth attended by a physician | 5523 (46) | 22.0 (15.5–29.8) | 93938 (686) | 26.9 (24.7–29.3) | 202556 (1738) | 25.9 (24.4–27.3) | |||
| Syphilis screening | 19259 (158) | 76.9 (69.5–83.2) | 272374 (2040) | 78.1 (75.1–81.0) | 577274 (4996) | 73.8 (70.7–76.6) | |||
| Tuberculosis screening | 11725 (106) | 46.8 (43.7–60.3) | 173356 (1343) | 49.7 (45.9–53.5) | 251870 (2431) | 32.2 (29.3–36.2) | |||
| Know Partners HIV status | 16539 (141) | 66.0 (57.9–73.5) | 208842 (1662) | 59.9 (57.2–62.5) | 406770 (3506) | 52.0 (50.0–54.0) | |||
| Partner HIV positive | 364 (4) | 2.2 | 104823 (807) | 50.2 | 5234 (46) | 1.3 | |||
| Know week of receiving test result | 17938 (148) | 71.5 (64.6–77.8) | ND | ND | 558484 (4846) | 71.4 (68.3–74.3) | |||
| Week of receiving test result, (mean, (SD)) | 25.0 (0.77) | ND**** | 24.5 (0.29) | ||||||
| Tested >32 weeks | 5454 (40) | 21.8 (15.0–29.8) | 177583 (1428) | 22.7 (20.0–25.6) | |||||
| And > 8 weeks after first ANC | 3971 (26) | 15.8 (9.9–23.5) | 128257 (1024) | 16.4 (14.1–18.8) | |||||
| Infant’s birth weight (kg, mean, (SD)) | 3.0 (0.03) | 2.9 (0.02) | 3.0 (0.01) | ||||||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks, mean (SD)) | 38.5 (0.19) | 38.4 (0.07) | 38.6 (0.04) | ||||||
| Caesarean delivery (%) | 3626 (33) | 14.5 (9.4–20.9) | 81097 (596) | 23.3 (20.9–25.7) | 161525 (1378) | 20.6 (19.4–22.0) | |||
*20 mothers who reported taking or having antiviral-drugs documented in the child health card reported “unknown HIV status were considered as “HIV-infected at or before current antenatal visit);
N** = weighted number for the live-birth in South Africa in 2011
n*** = actual number of the study participants
ND**** = Not documented/collected