Table 3.
Lifestyle habits and comorbidity of participants according to fatty liver index, by sex
| Total | FLI | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <30 | Intermediate | ≥60 | |||||
| Men | (n = 565) | (n = 209) | (n = 200) | (n = 156) | |||
| Hypertension | 160 (28.3%) | 38 (18.2%) | 68 (34.0%) | 54 (34.6%) | <0.001 | ||
| Median SBP (mmHg) | [IQR] | 122 [24] | 116 [24] | 126 [24] | 128 [22] | <0.001† | |
| Median DBP (mmHg) | [IQR] | 78 [16] | 72 [15] | 80 [18] | 80 [14] | <0.001† | |
| Use of antihypertensive drugs | 53 (9.4%) | 13 (6.2%) | 25 (12.5%) | 15 (9.6%) | 0.093 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 274 (48.5%) | 80 (38.3%) | 108 (54.0%) | 86 (55.1%) | 0.001 | ||
| Median LDL-C (mmol/L) | [IQR] | 3.5 [1.0] | 3.3 [0.9] | 3.6 [0.9] | 3.6 [1.0] | 0.002† | |
| Use of cholesterol lowering drugs | 39 (6.9%) | 6 (2.9%) | 20 (10.0%) | 13 (8.3%) | 0.012 | ||
| Alcohol consumption <19 g/day | 506 (89.6%) | 190 (90.9%) | 178 (89.0%) | 138 (88.5%) | 0.714 | ||
| No drinkers | 320 (56.6%) | 122 (58.4%) | 104 (52.0%) | 94 (60.3%) | 0.242 | ||
| Smoking | 251 (44.4%) | 98 (46.9%) | 80 (40.0%) | 73 (46.8%) | 0.293 | ||
| Physical activities | 174 (30.8%) | 63 (30.1%) | 65 (32.5%) | 46 (29.5%) | 0.803 | ||
| Eating fast | 230 (40.7%) | 71 (34.0%) | 83 (41.5%) | 76 (48.7%) | 0.017 | ||
| Eating before sleeping | 213 (37.7%) | 80 (38.3%) | 69 (34.5%) | 64 (41.0%) | 0.441 | ||
| Women | (n = 402) | (n = 290) | (n = 81) | (n = 31) | |||
| Hypertension | 85 (21%) | 49 (16.9%) | 21 (25.9%) | 15 (48.4%) | <0.001 | ||
| Median SBP (mmHg) | [IQR] | 120 [25] | 117 [24] | 125 [22] | 130 [26] | <0.001† | |
| Median DBP (mmHg) | [IQR] | 74 [12] | 71 [16] | 79 [14] | 80 [18] | <0.001† | |
| Use of antihypertensive drugs | 43 (10.7%) | 21 (7.2%) | 13 (16.0%) | 9 (29.0%) | <0.001 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 200 (49.8%) | 123 (42.4%) | 54 (66.7%) | 23 (74.2%) | <0.001 | ||
| Median LDL-C (mmol/L) | [IQR] | 3.5 [1.1] | 3.4 [1.1] | 3.8 [1.1] | 3.7 [1.3] | 0.001† | |
| Use of cholesterol lowering drugs | 41 (10.2%) | 24 (8.3%) | 11 (13.6%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0.081 | ||
| Alcohol consumption <19 g /day | 363 (90.3%) | 269 (92.8%) | 68 (84.0%) | 26 (83.9%) | 0.027 | ||
| No drinkers | 294 (73.1%) | 204 (70.3%) | 64 (79.0%) | 26 (83.9%) | 0.111 | ||
| Smoking | 24 (6.0%) | 18 (6.2%) | 5 (6.2%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.798 | ||
| Physical activities | 106 (26.4%) | 78 (26.9%) | 21 (25.9%) | 7 (22.6%) | 0.870 | ||
| Eating fast | 136 (33.8%) | 91 (31.4%) | 33 (40.7%) | 12 (38.7%) | 0.242 | ||
| Eating before sleeping | 114 (28.4%) | 70 (24.1%) | 31 (38.3%) | 13 (41.9%) | 0.010 | ||
| Total | (n = 967) | (n = 499) | (n = 281) | (n = 187) | |||
| Hypertension | 245 (25.3%) | 87 (17.4%) | 89 (31.7%) | 69 (36.9%) | <0.001 | ||
| Median SBP (mmHg) | [IQR] | 122 [24] | 117 [22] | 126 [24] | 128 [20] | <0.001† | |
| Median DBP (mmHg) | [IQR] | 76 [16] | 72 [14] | 79 [16] | 80 [14] | <0.001† | |
| Use of antihypertensive drugs | 96 (9.9%) | 34 (6.8%) | 38 (13.5%) | 24 (12.8%) | 0.004 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 474 (49.0%) | 203 (40.7%) | 162 (57.7%) | 109 (58.3%) | <0.001 | ||
| Median LDL-C (mmol/L) | [IQR] | 3.5 [1.0] | 3.3 [1.0] | 3.6 [0.9] | 3.6 [1.0] | <0.001† | |
| Use of cholesterol lowering drugs | 80 (8.3%) | 30 (6.0%) | 31 (11.0%) | 19 (10.2%) | 0.029 | ||
| Alcohol consumption <19 g/day | 869 (89.9%) | 459 (92.0%) | 246 (87.5%) | 164 (87.7%) | 0.079 | ||
| No drinkers | 614 (63.5%) | 326 (65.3%) | 168 (59.8%) | 120 (64.2%) | 0.297 | ||
| Smoking | 275 (28.4%) | 116 (23.2%) | 85 (30.2%) | 74 (39.6%) | <0.001 | ||
| Physical activities | 280 (29.0%) | 141 (28.3%) | 86 (30.6%) | 53 (28.3%) | 0.769 | ||
| Eating fast | 366 (37.8%) | 162 (32.5%) | 116 (41.3%) | 88 (47.1%) | 0.001 | ||
| Eating before sleeping | 327 (33.8%) | 150 (30.1%) | 100 (35.6%) | 77 (41.2%) | 0.018 | ||
†
Compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Other comparisons made using the χ2 test.
SI conversion factor: To convert cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259.
FLI, fatty liver index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol SBP, systolic blood pressure.