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. 2015 Feb 20;19(5):1055–1064. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12498

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Aurantiamide acetate-induced autophagosome and autolysosome accumulation in U87 cells. Normal healthy U87 cells (A) or cells following 48-hrs of 25 μM aurantiamide acetate incubation (B) were fixed. The ultrastructure alternations were observed under TEM. Boxed areas in (B) were enlarged in (a–c). (a) The de novo formation of double membrane-bound phagophore was indicated by arrow. (b) Autophagosomes engulfed with material to be degraded. (c) Glycogen particles. Scale bars in (A) and (B), 1 μm; scale bars in (a–c), 0.5 μm. (C) The number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes per cell was calculated from 12 micrographs. (D and E) U87 cells were transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmid. Following 48-hrs of 25 μM AA incubation, the fluorescence was examined under fluorescent microscope. Inset shows enlarged image of boxed region. (E) The percentage of LC3 punctated cells was calculated from 12 micrographs. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 compared with control.