TABLE 2.

Strain^a and strain energy density results from simulated premolar bites

Locationb	Specimen	Max Prin (με)	Min Prin (με)	Mode	Max shear (με)	von Mises (με)	SED (J/mm3)
1. Dorsal interorbital	OH5	182	−72	2.53	254	238	0.24
	Sts5	186	−93	2.00	279	243	0.29
	Chimp range	118–216	−48 to −125	1.31–3.17	171–288	160–271	0.10–0.34
2. Working dorsal orbital	OH5	59	−29	2.03	88	78	0.02
	Sts5	119	−99	1.20	218	189	0. 13
	Chimp range	16–138	−21 to −88	0.61–2.27	37–199	32–189	0.00–0.14
3. Balancing dorsal orbital	OH5	118	−42	2.81	160	154	0. 10
	Sts5	102	−38	2.68	140	136	0. 07
	Chimp range	106–197	−48 to −101	1.89–3.10	153–291	146–268	0.08–0. 28
4. Working postorbital bar	OH5	189	−99	1.90	288	264	0. 26
	Sts5	581	−412	1.41	993	872	2. 76
	Chimp range	150–455	−168 to −481	0.89–1.42	318–935	276–810	0.27–2.33
5. Balancing postorbital bar	OH5	388	−163	2.38	551	513	1.08
	Sts5	910	−402	2.26	1,312	1,217	5.92
	Chimp range	370–769	−184 to −479	1.41–2.43	553–1,248	504–1,115	0.99–4.56
6. Working mid-zygo arch	OH5	232	−312	0.74	544	480	0.82
	Sts5	856	−1,135	0.75	1,991	1,784	11.26
	Chimp range	337–1710	−492 to −3,390	0.36–1.63	859–5,006	757–4,791	2.04–83.65
7. Balancing mid-zygo arch	OH5	292	−350	0.83	642	566	1.13
	Sts5	1,044	−2,255	0.46	3,299	3,164	36.73
	Chimp range	417–1,994	−179 to −2,683	0.39–2.99	713–3,958	686–3,549	1.71–53.64
8. Working zygo root	OH5	249	−522	0.48	771	694	2.00
	Sts5	449	–1,000	0.45	1,449	1,300	7.50
	Chimp range	245–537	−514 to −979	0.34–0.76	905–1,339	788–1,202	2.26–7.50
9. Balancing zygo root	OH5	179	−130	1.38	309	272	0.27
	Sts5	120	−441	0.27	561	520	1.52
	Chimp range	101–347	−275 to −539	0.35–1.15	387–693	350–644	0.64–3.03
10. Working infraorbital	OH5	388	−295	1.32	683	595	1.27
	Sts5	472	−216	2.19	688	636	1.60
	Chimp range	385–575	−211 to −479	1.06–1.82	762–1,054	560–916	1.12–2.99
11. Balancing infraorbital	OH5	341	−252	1.35	593	520	0.97
	Sts5	480	−182	2.64	662	635	1.62
	Chimp range	199–477	−146 to −351	1.21–2.05	346–828	304–722	0.33–1.92
12. Working nasal margin	OH5	176	−455	0.39	631	607	1.46
	Sts5	407	−1,213	0.34	1,620	1,600	10.29
	Chimp range	207–356	−463 to −891	0.35–0.66	679–1242	625–1183	1.54–5.60
13. Working zygo body	OH5	323	−128	2.52	451	425	0.75
	Sts5	454	−229	1.98	683	632	1.50
	Chimp range	536–994	−375 to −593	1.27–1.83	911–1576	793–1,424	2.38–7.45
14. Balancing zygo body	OH5	294	−112	2.63	406	386	0.61
	Sts5	585	−293	2.00	878	783	2.57
	Chimp range	343–1,506	−198 to −739	1.27–3.15	520–2,245	502–2,048	0.90–16.48

^aMax Prin = maximum principal strain, Min Prin = minimum principal strain, Mode = the absolute value of Max Prin/Min Prin, Max Shear = maximum shear strain, Von Mises = von Mises strain, SED = strain energy density, Chimpanzee data from Smith et al. (2014).

^bLocations numbered as in Fig. 3.