TABLE 3.

Strain^a and strain energy density results from simulated molar bites

Locationb	Specimen	Max Prin (μ∈)	Min Prin (μ∈)	Mode	Max shear (μ∈)	von Mises (μ∈)	SED (J/mm3)
1. Dorsal interorbital	OH5	145	−55	2.64	200	187	0.15
	Sts5	172	−81	2.12	253	222	0.24
	Chimp range	108–198	−45 to −76	1. 46–3.10	153–270	145–250	0.08–0.28
2. Working dorsal orbital	OH5	61	−29	2.10	90	81	0.03
	Sts5	118	−102	1.16	220	191	0.13
	Chimp range	5–81	−22 to −91	0.23–2.18	27–138	26–120	0.00–0.07
3. Balancing dorsal orbital	OH5	171	−57	3.00	228	225	0.20
	Sts5	102	−39	2.62	141	136	0.07
	Chimp range	110–209	−46 to −111	1.80–3.08	156–310	150–284	0.09–0.31
4. Working postorbital bar	OH5	177	−103	1.72	280	254	0.24
	Sts5	357	−381	0.94	738	640	1.45
	Chimp range	93–365	−150 to −431	0.62–1.21	243–796	216–692	0.17–1.70
5. Balancing postorbital bar	OH5	476	−176	2.70	652	617	1.61
	Sts5	935	−381	2.45	1316	1234	6.20
	Chimp range	413–817	−169 to −492	1.43–2.54	536–1309	492–1175	0.97–5.08
6. Working mid-zygo arch	OH5	379	−534	0.71	913	815	2.36
	Sts5	875	−1,115	0.78	1,990	1,776	11.19
	Chimp range	293–1,629	−445 to −3,416	0.37–1.62	737–5,039	662–4,832	1.57–84.99
7. Balancing mid-zygo arch	OH5	283	−357	0.79	640	567	1.14
	Sts5	1,064	−2,253	0.47	3,317	3,171	36.81
	Chimp range	405–1,955	−172 to −2,675	0.39–3.00	686–3,950	666–3,542	1.61–53.31
8. Working zygo root	OH5	278	−321	0.87	599	520	0.96
	Sts5	718	−1721	0.42	2,439	2,188	22.51
	Chimp range	350–570	−523 to −1,061	0.38–0.74	910–1,475	795–1,803	2.30–8.41
9. Balancing zygo root	OH5	219	−121	1.81	340	305	0.36
	Sts5	127	−494	0.26	621	576	1.93
	Chimp range	108–351	−288 to −607	0.28–1.14	415–843	375–747	0.72–1.95
10. Working infraorbital	OH5	242	−91	2.66	333	314	0.42
	Sts5	360	−195	1.85	555	504	0.96
	Chimp range	438–578	−227 to −498	1.16–2.06	718–1,076	632–935	1.51–3.11
11. Balancing infraorbital	OH5	257	−174	1.48	431	383	0.53
	Sts5	445	−141	3.16	586	574	1.39
	Chimp range	191–448	−135 to −307	1.21–2.21	325–754	287–660	0.30–1.63
12. Working nasal margin	OH5	136	−245	0.56	381	352	0.45
	Sts5	134	−248	0.54	382	354	0.46
	Chimp range	111–254	−119 to −457	0.49–1.19	244–681	211–625	0.17–1.51
13. Working zygo body	OH5	331	−172	1.92	503	438	0.90
	Sts5	460	−231	1.99	691	638	1.54
	Chimp range	566–993	−408 to −572	1.34–1.77	974–1,697	847–1497	2.71–8.07
14. Balancing zygo body	OH5	274	−125	2.19	399	358	0.56
	Sts5	576	−301	1.91	877	775	2.54
	Chimp range	329–1,468	−171 to −727	1.40–3.13	500–2,195	477–1,996	0.81–15.71

^aMax Prin = maximum principal strain, Min Prin = minimum principal strain, Mode = the absolute value of Max Prin/Min Prin, Max Shear = maximum shear strain, Von Mises = von Mises strain, SED = strain energy density, Chimpanzee data from Smith et al. (2015).

^bLocations numbered as in Fig. 3.