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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 30.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatry Res. 2015 Mar 5;227(1):46–51. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.016

Table 4.

Results of untrimmed path model predicting depressive symptoms from vitamin D and covariates.

Vitamin D3
(observed)		 Depressive symptoms
(latent factor)
Predictor Est (SE) β Est (SE) β
Vitamin D3 −.02 (.01) −.20*
Winter vs. Fall −9.06 (2.21) −.29*** .18 (.22) .07
Spring vs. Fall −5.80 (1.89) −.22** .16 (.19) .08
White/non-Hispanic 8.41 (2.22) .30*** −.25 (.19) −.11
BMI −.29 (.25) −.11 .03 (.02) .15
Dietary D intake (ln) .72 (.72) .06 .04 (.09) .04
Exercise .01 (.00) .16* .00 (.00) .02
Time outside (square root) −.08 (.08) −.07 −.01 (.02) −.14†
Vitamin C .07 (.04) .13* −.00 (.00) −.03
Antidepressant use 4.44 (2.06) .11* .71 (.29) .22*

Note. Covariance of W4 and W5 depressive symptoms Est (SE) = .17 (.09), β = .17*. Vitamin D3 intercept Est (SE) = 23.64 (7.79), p < .01. Model χ2 (df = 44) = 40.19, p = .64. Total and indirect effects on depressive symptoms were as follows: Winter term participation: total [Est (SE) = .33 (.21), β = .13, p = n.s.] and indirect [Est (SE) = .15 (.07), β = .06, p < .05] effects; Spring term participation: total [Est (SE) = .25 (.19), β = .12, p = n.s.] and indirect [Est (SE) = .09 (.05), β = .05, p = .06]; White/non-Hispanic race/ethnicity: total [Est (SE) = −.39 (.18), β = −.18, p < .05] and indirect [Est (SE) = −.15 (.07), β = −.06, p < .05] effects.

†

p < .10.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01

***

p < .001.