Fig. 8.

Fasting-induced tissue-specific expression changes in amino acid transporter genes. The expression of Slc38a2 (A), Slc7a5 (B), and Slc7a1 (C) in various tissues was analyzed by qPCR and normalized to Hprt expression. The expression ratios in ad libitum-fed (AL) mice were set at 1. Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 4), and the differences were significant at ^∗P < 0.05 (Mann–Whitney U-test). F1, 1-day fasting; F2, 2-day fasting; S. intestine, small intestine; S. muscle, skeletal (rectus femoris) muscle. Highly atrophied (>31% weight decrease), moderately atrophied (18–19% weight decrease), and non-atrophied tissues (no significant change) are labeled in red, green, and black, respectively.