Table 1.

Primer sets for quantitative PCR.

Gene	Primer sequence	Size (bp)
Ubiquitin–proteasome system
Atrogin-1 (MAFbx)	5′-AGGAGCGCCATGGATACTGT-3′ (Forward)	161
	5′-GAAGTTCTTTTGGGCGATGC-3′ (Reverse)
MuRF1 (Trim63)	5′-ACCTGCTGGTGGAAAACATC-3′ (Forward)	96
	5′-CTTCGTGTTCCTTGCACATC-3′ (Reverse)
Autophagy–lysosome system
LC3b (Map1lc3b)	5′-CGATACAAGGGGGAGAAGCA-3′ (Forward)	185
	5′-ACTTCGGAGATGGGAGTGGA-3′ (Reverse)
p62 (Sqstm1)	5′-TGCTCTTCGGAAGTCAGCAA-3′ (Forward)	122
	5-CCCGACTCCATCTGTTCCTC-3′ (Reverse)
Lamp2	5′-TAGGAGCCGTTCAGTCCAAT-3′ (Forward)	158
	5′-GTGTGTCGCCTTGTCAGGTA-3′ (Reverse)
Amino acid response
Asns	5′-CTGTACGGATGAACCATTGC-3′ (Forward)	210
	5′-GCCTCCTTGAGTTGCTTCA-3′ (Reverse)
Trib3	5′-TCTTCCGGCAGATGGCTAGT-3′ (Forward)	123
	5′-GGTTCTCCAGCACCAGCTTC-3′ (Reverse)
Herpud1	5′-ATGGTGGTCCTCGAGATGCT-3′ (Forward)	139
	5′-ATAAACGAGGGGCTGGTGTG-3′ (Reverse)
xCT (Slc7a11)	5′-GTCATCGGATCAGGCATCTT-3′ (Forward)	124
	5′-CATAGGACAGGGCTCCAAAA-3′ (Reverse)
Chop (Ddit3)	5′-CATCCCCAGGAAACGAAGAG-3′ (Forward)	163
	5′-TCTTCCTCCTGGGCCATAGA-3′ (Reverse)
Nrf2-mediated antioxidant system
HO-1	5′-TGCTCGAATGAACACTCTGG-3′ (Forward)	206
	5′-TCTCTGCAGGGGCAGTATCT-3′ (Reverse)
Gsta1	5′-CCCCTTTCCCTCTGCTGAAG-3′ (Forward)	148
	5′-TTCACTGAATCTTGAAAGCC-3′ (Reverse)
Amino acid transport
Slc38a2 (Sat2)	5′-TCACCGTGACCATCTTGTCC-3′ (Forward)	166
	5′-TGCACGGATCTCATTGGTTC-3′ (Reverse)
Slc7a5 (Lat1)	5′-GCTTGTCTTGCTTCGGCTCT-3′ (Forward)	113
	5′-CTGTGGGTGGATCATGGAGA-3′ (Reverse)
Slc7a1 (Cat1)	5′-CTGGAGTGCGACTTTTGACG-3′ (Forward)	179
	5′-TGTTGACCATGGCTGACTCC-3′ (Reverse)
Housekeeping gene (as a control)
Hprt	5′-GACTGATTATGGACAGGACTG-3′ (Forward)	211
	5′-GACTGATCATTACAGTAGCTC-3′ (Reverse)