FIG 5.

Fermentation profiles of ε-PL and HA in S. albulus strains. (a) ε-PL production in wild-type strain CR1 and HA production in S. albulus recombinant strains. The ε-PL productivity is shown with open triangles. The HA productivities and dissolved oxygen levels are shown with circles and continuous lines, respectively. The HA productivities in S. albulus CRM003/pJHA3 and S. albulus CRM003/pJHA4 are indicated with dotted lines and solid lines, respectively. These strains were cultivated in a mini-jar fermentor and error bars are given based on triplicate fermentations. (b) Theoretical ATP availability in S. albulus host and the actual ATP consumptions for the heterologous HA production. The ATP consumption for the ε-PL production in the strain CR1 indicated with open triangles is considered equivalent to the theoretical ATP availability in S. albulus host strain, CRM003, which was derived from the strain CR1. The values were calculated from the amount of the products at each time point based on their biosynthesis descried elsewhere. The values for 78-h cultures were omitted. Symbolic representations are same as in panel a.