Table 5.

In vitro studies on air pollution–induced changes in miRNA expression.

miRNA	miR function	Regulation	Tissue/cell type	Pollutant	Source
miR-26b	Wnt, p53, autophagy, TGF-β	Down	Primary human bronchial epithelial cells	10 μg/cm2 DEP	Jardim et al. 2009
miR-27a	Apoptosis, ERα
miR-31	Apoptosis, tumor supressor
miR-96	Several unrelated targets
miR-135b	Inflammation, oxidative stress
miR-374a	Targets DICER, ATM
miR-513c	No validated targets	Up	Primary human bronchial epithelial cells	10 μg/cm2 DEP	Jardim et al. 2009
miR-513b	No validated targets
miR-513a-5p	Targets CD274, immunology
miR-923	Fragment of 28S RNA
miR-494	Targets PTEN
miR-338-5p	ABC transporters, endocytosis
miR-10b	Angiogenesis	Down	Human A549 lung carcinoma cell line	1 ppm CH2O	Rager et al. 2011
miR-181a	Apoptosis, oncomiR
miR-330	Targets E2F1, VEGFa, NTRK3
miR-338-5p	ABC transporters, endocytosis
miR-375	Immunology	Up	Human bronchial epithelial cells	3 μg/cm2 DEP	Bleck et al. 2013
miR-149	Immunology	Down	Monkey airway epithelial cells	Ozone	Clay et al. 2014
miR-128	Apoptosis	Up	Human A549 lung carcinoma cell line	PM10	Motta et al. 2013
Abbreviations: CH2O, formaldehyde; DEP, diesel exhaust particles; OncomiR, miR with oncogenic properties.