Fig. 2.
The diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) responses to hypoxia in a Ctrl and a PNE pup. A: hypoxia-induced ventilatory and EMGdi responses in a Ctrl pup without apnea presented within the time tested. B: hypoxia-induced apnea and subsequent lethal ventilatory arrest fully identical to the silencing of the EMGdi activity in a PNE pup. The traces from the top to bottom are airflow, respiratory frequency (fR), integrated EMGdi (Int.dEMG), and event marker(s)/duration of hypoxic exposure. Arrows and arrowheads point to the apnea and gasping in which the last gasp is lethal.