Table 1.
Gene expression changes mediated by epigenetic mechanisms in osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
| Category | Gene | Expressiona | Epigenetic regulationb |
References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA methylation | Histone modification | microRNA | ||||
| TFs | Nfat1 | ↓ (m) | ↔ | ✓ | ↔ | 16, 17 |
| SOX9 | ↓ (h) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 18, 19, 20 | |
| Cytokines | IL-1B | ↑ (h) | ✓ | ↔ | ✓ | 21, 22, 23 |
| TNF-alpha | ↑ (h) | ↔ | ↔ | ✓ | 23 | |
| Proteinases | ADAMTS4 | ↑ (h) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 24, 25, 26, 27 |
| ADAMTS5 | ↑ (h) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 20, 26, 27 | |
| MMP-13 | ↑ (h) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 24, 27, 28 | |
| ECM proteins | COL2A1 | ↓ (h) | ↔ | ✓ | ✓ | 20, 29, 30, 31 |
| COL9A1 | ↓ (h) | ✓ | ↔ | ↔ | 32 | |
| ACAN | ↓ (h) | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | 20, 33 | |
a
Gene expression information is cited from the references of this manuscript. ↓: decrease; ↑: increase; m: mouse; h: human.
b
Gene expression changes are associated with specific epigenetic alterations (✓), or not (✗), or unknown (↔).