Table 2.
Means and Standard Errors for Self-Report/Behavioral Measures by Medication Group and Picture Category
| Craving | (a) Smoking* | (b) Unpleasant | (c) Pleasant | (d) Neutral | Total* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.32 (0.99) | 2.74 (0.73) | 1.92 (0.64) | 1.59 (0.57) | 2.89 (0.63) |
| Divalproex | 9.65 (0.99) | 4.53 (0.73) | 4.33 (0.64) | 3.15 (0.57) | 5.41 (0.63) |
| Total | 7.48 (0.70)b,c,d | 3.63 (0.52)a,d | 3.12 (0.45)a,d | 2.37 (0.41)a,b,c | 4.15 (0.45) |
| Avoidance
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | 8.45 (1.11) | 7.61 (1.07) | 9.22 (1.12) | 7.03 (1.13) | 8.08 (1.04) |
| Divalproex | 7.65 (1.11) | 7.26 (1.07) | 8.43 (1.12) | 6.85 (1.13) | 7.55 (1.04) |
| Total | 8.05 (0.78) | 7.43 (0.76)c | 8.83 (0.79)b,d | 6.94 (0.80)c | 7.81 (0.74) |
| Arousal
|
(a) Smoking*
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | 8.77 (0.63) | 12.19 (0.65) | 13.51 (0.70) | 6.04 (0.60) | 10.13 (0.50) |
| Divalproex | 10.48 (0.63) | 12.98 (0.65) | 12.12 (0.70) | 6.04 (0.60) | 10.42 (0.50) |
| Total | 9.62 (0.48)b,c,d | 12.58 (0.46)a,d | 12.85 (0.50)a,d | 6.04 (0.42)a,b,c | 10.27 (0.35) |
| Interest
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | 3.53 (0.61) | 8.54 (0.78) | 11.93 (0.71) | 2.08 (0.42) | 6.52 (0.43) |
| Divalproex | 4.27 (0.61) | 9.13 (0.78) | 13.18 (0.72) | 2.34 (0.42) | 7.23 (0.43) |
| Total | 3.90 (0.43)b,c,d | 8.83 (0.55)a,c,d | 12.55 (0.51)a,b,d | 2.21 (0.30)a,b,c | 6.87 (0.30) |
| Valence
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | 10.50 (0.42) | 5.32 (0.48) | 14.78 (0.46) | 10.62 (0.24) | 10.31 (0.19) |
| Divalproex | 9.60 (0.42) | 5.13 (0.48) | 14.77 (0.46) | 11.34 (0.24) | 10.21 (0.19) |
| Total | 10.05 (0.30)b,c,d | 5.23 (0.34)a,c,d | 14.77 (0.33)a,b,d | 10.98 (0.17)a,b,c | 10.26 (0.13) |
| Dominance | (a) Smoking | (b) Unpleasant | (c) Pleasant | (d) Neutral | Total |
| Placebo | 11.04 (0.68) | 8.32 (0.59) | 12.49 (0.55) | 11.64 (0.50) | 10.87 (0.43) |
| Divalproex | 9.17 (0.68) | 7.81 (0.59) | 11.87 (0.55) | 11.72 (0.50) | 10.14 (0.43) |
| Total | 10.10 (0.48)b,c,d | 8.07 (0.42)a,c,d | 12.18 (0.39)a,b | 11.68 (0.35)a,b | 10.51 (0.30) |
| Duration
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | 2.89 (0.33) | 4.35 (0.49) | 4.22 (0.38) | 2.61 (0.23) | 3.68 (0.22) |
| Divalproex | 3.58 (0.32) | 4.45 (0.49) | 4.52 (0.38) | 2.84 (0.23) | 2.73 (0.16) |
| Total | 3.24 (0.23)b,c,d | 4.40 (0.38)a,d | 4.37 (0.27)a,d | 2.73 (0.16)a,b,c | 3.68 (0.22) |
Note. Standard errors are in parentheses. Duration of viewing time reported in seconds. Asterisks indicate medication group differences for specified picture category after controlling for neutral cues, or the overall main effect for total (p < .05). Subscript letters indicate differences for pairwise comparisons of picture category total (p < .05).