Table 3.
Means and Standard Errors for Physiological Measures by Medication Group and Picture Category
| HR–D1 | (a) Smoking | (b) Unpleasant | (c) Pleasant | (d) Neutral | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | −2.60 (0.25) | −3.75 (0.36) | −2.93 (0.31) | −2.73 (0.29) | −3.00 (0.27) |
| Divalproex | −2.59 (0.25) | −3.76 (0.36) | −3.35 (0.31) | −3.06 (0.29) | −3.19 (0.27) |
| Total | −2.60 (0.18)b,c | − −3.75 (0.25)a,c,d | −3.14 (0.22)a,b | −2.90 (0.21)b | −3.10 (0.19) |
| HR–A1
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant*
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | 4.91 (0.43) | 4.39 (0.34) | 5.02 (0.42) | 4.63 (0.38) | 4.74 (0.47) |
| Divalproex | 4.56 (0.44) | 4.45 (0.35) | 4.21 (0.44) | 4.44 (0.39) | 4.42 (0.38) |
| Total | 4.47 (0.31) | 4.42 (0.24) | 4.62 (0.30) | 4.53 (0.27) | 4.58 (0.27) |
| HR–D2
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | −4.06 (0.33) | −3.87 (0.32) | −4.17 (0.33) | −4.22 (0.36) | −4.03 (0.31) |
| Divalproex | −4.26 (0.33) | −4.10 (0.32) | −3.89 (0.33) | −3.84 (0.36) | −4.02 (0.31) |
| Total | −4.16 (0.25) | −3.98 (0.23) | −4.03 (0.23) | −3.93 (0.23) | −4.02 (0.22) |
| SC
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | 2.99 (1.02) | 10.00 (2.52) | 6.35 (1.50) | 2.66 (1.12) | 5.50 (1.22) |
| Divalproex | 4.60 (0.94) | 7.56 (2.33) | 5.04 (1.38) | 4.06 (1.04) | 5.31 (1.13) |
| Total | 3.80 (0.69)b | 8.78 (1.72)a,d | 5.70 (1.02) | 3.36 (0.76)b | 5.41 (0.83) |
| COR
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | 1.70 (1.21) | 15.87 (3.99) | 0.10 (1.55) | 1.14 (1.86) | 4.70 (1.44) |
| Divalproex | 2.59 (1.23) | 17.97 (4.05) | −0.82 (1.57) | 3.92 (1.89) | 5.92 (1.50) |
| Total | 2.14(0.86)b | 16.92 (2.84)a,c,d | −0.36 (1.10)b | 2.53 (1.33)b | 5.31 (1.02) |
| ZYG
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Placebo | −0.18 (0.82) | −0.76 (0.90) | −1.18 (1.14) | −0.94 (0.84) | −0.77 (0.52) |
| Divalproex | −0.21 (0.82) | 0.42 (0.90) | −0.30 (1.14) | −0.98 (0.84) | −0.27 (0.52) |
| Total | −0.20 (0.58) | −0.17 (0.64) | −0.74 (0.81) | −0.96 (0.59) | −0.52 (0.37) |
| ORB
|
(a) Smoking
|
(b) Unpleasant
|
(c) Pleasant
|
(d) Neutral
|
Total
|
| Early | |||||
| Placebo | 44.92 (1.29) | 44.69 (1.27) | 48.60 (1.44) | 48.17 (1.33) | 46.60 (0.81) |
| Divalproex | 51.19 (1.24) | 48.11 (1.22) | 48.22 (1.39) | 49.22 (1.27) | 49.18 (0.78) |
| Total | 48.06 (0.90) | 46.40 (0.88) | 48.41 (1.00) | 48.70 (0.92) | 47.89 (0.56) |
| Late | |||||
| Placebo | 51.56 (1.32) | 54.43 (1.48) | 49.81 (1.18) | 50.83 (1.21) | 51.66 (0.65) |
| Divalproex | 48.99 (1.27) | 54.02 (1.42) | 49.48 (1.13)) | 49.91 (1.17) | 50.60 (0.62) |
| Total | 50.27 (0.91)b | 54.22 (1.02)a,c | 49.64 (0.82)b | 50.37 (0.84) | 51.13 (0.45) |
Note. Standard errors in parentheses. Asterisk indicates drug group differences after controlling for neutral cues (HR–A1; p <.05) or drug group difference within timing category averaged across all picture categories (ORB; p <.05). Subscript letters indicate differences for pairwise comparisons of picture category total (p < .05). HR = heart rate; SC = skin conductance; COR = corrugator; ZYG = zygomaticus; ORB = orbicularis.