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. 2015 May 6;6:572. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00572

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Copyright © 2015 De Dreu, Dussel and Ten Velden.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Averaged Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma–Maximizing Differences Game (IPD–MD) contributions to self, within-group pool, and between-group pool (parochial altruism; range 0–10; means displayed ±1 SE). (A) Compared to individuals in the low taxing condition (N = 46), individuals in the high taxing condition (N = 49) self-sacrifice, and display parochial altruism. (B) Compared to pro-selves (N = 50), pro-social individuals (N = 45) self-sacrifice, contribute more to the within-group pool, and display similar levels of parochial altruism.