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. 2015 May 6;6:312. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00312

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Copyright © 2015 Li, Pu, Feng, Yang, Shen, Zhang and Lin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sensitivity of the wild-type strain (Foc-GD), FocVel1 deletion mutant (ΔFocVel1-3), and complemented strain (ΔFocVel1-3C) to osmotic stresses, fungicides, and cell wall damaging agents. Osmotic stresses were mediated by the addition of 1.0 M KCl or 1.0 M sorbitol into potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The following fungicides were added into PDA: 16 μg/mL iprodione, 0.2 μg/mL prochloraz, or 48 μg/mL hymexazol. Alternatively, the following cell wall-damaging agents were added into PDA: 0.05% Congo red or 5 mM caffeine. Bars denote standard errors from three repeated experiments. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).