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. 2015 May 6;9:216. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00216

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Copyright © 2015 Whitwell, Ganel, Byrne and Goodale.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A bird’s eye view of the setup for Experiment 1. As outlined in Goodale et al. (1994b), the targets were six Efron blocks (varied widths and lengths but a constant surface area, weight, height, color and texture) positioned 30 cm from the start button along the participant’s midline in the “natural” grasping task. In the “real-time” pantomimed grasping (RPG) task, the target was positioned 7.5 cm to the right of the position used for the natural grasping task. DF (in Goodale et al.’s study) and the control participants (in the current study) were asked to imagine that the target was out in front of them, immediately to the right of its visible position and to reach out to grasp that imaginary target as if it were actually there. Notably, terminal tactile feedback was available when the hand made contact with the surface of the table at the end of the reach.