Figure 5.

Reaction time (RT) and peak hand velocity (PHV) across the four variants of the grasping task arranged (within each panel) from left to right as follows: grasps directed at real (i.e., viewed through a pane of glass) targets (G_G–H) with haptic feedback, grasps directed at virtual targets (i.e., viewed in a mirror) with haptic feedback (G_M–H), grasps directed at virtual targets with no haptic feedback (G_M–NH), and the “real-time” pantomime grasps directed at imagined copies of the virtual targets (RPG_NH). Note that the error bars reflect 95% confidence intervals extracted from the mean square error term from the rmANOVA (corrected for violations of sphericity where appropriate). (A) RT increased when a mirror was used rather than a pane of glass for target-directed grasps with haptic feedback. The RT increased further when haptic feedback was denied and increased further still when the participants performed displaced-pantomime grasps. (B) PHV slowed when a mirror was used rather than a pane of glass for target-directed grasps with haptic feedback. PHV slowed further when haptic feedback was denied and when the participants performed displaced-pantomime grasps.