Uterine artery ligation in rats confers heritable growth restriction and adult obesity. A) F2 pups at birth from F1 IUGRpat/IUGRmat lineage and F1 Shampat/Shammat lineage show substantial birth weight differences. B) Differences in mean birth weight of the F2 generation from the F1 lineage fed either a control or ENS diet. Significant differences from Shampat/Shammat control diet are indicated. C) F2 males at p160 from the IUGRpat/IUGRmat lineage fed either a control or ENS diet. Mean p160 weights for F2 male (D) and female (E) rats, bred from the F1 lineage that were fed either a control or ENS diet. Significant differences from Shampat/Shammat control diet are indicated. (aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001, dP < 0.0001, 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test).